History of Medicine in the Norland Collection

7. History of Physiology

8. History of Medicinal Chemistry

9. History of Microbiology

10. History of Viruses

11. History of Hematology

12. History of Pathology

13. History of Disease (General)

14. History of Infectious Diseases

A. Cholera

B. Malaria

C. Plague

D. Yellow Fever

E. Others

15. History of Medical Societies

16. History of Medical Schools

17. History of Hospitals

18. History of Medical Procedures (Surgery)

19. History of Dentistry

20. History of Pharmacy

1. History of Medicine, General

R131 .B37 1979
Barquin C., Manuel. Historia de la Medicina: Su Problematica Actual. 4th ed. México, DF: Librería de Medicina, 1979.
Description: xv, 400 p.; 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This general history of medicine (in Spanish) is organized chronologically and geographically, with chapters on prehistory; ancient civilizations in the Near East, Africa, Asia, and the Americas; Islamic contributions; medieval and early modern Christian contributions; and modern medicine, including pharmacology. Contributions from the Americas are particularly highlighted, as are influential scientists from Galen to Pasteur. Diseases, treatment methods, and medical institutions are emphasized.

R131 .C613 c.2
Clendening, Logan. Source Book of Medical History. New York: Dover, 1960.
Description: xiv p., 1 l., 685 p. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This collection of important medical writings includes Egyptian papyri and the writings of noted physicians from Hippocrates to Galen, from Avicenna to Paracelsus to Harvey, from Paré to Sydenham to Jenner, from Pasteur to Nightingale to Lister. Some entries come from literature (e.g., "The Arabian Nights") rather than scientific writings. Garrison-Morton 6436.

R489.O7 C8 1940
Cushing, Harvey. The Life of Sir William Osler. London: Oxford University Press, 1940.
Description: xviii, 1417 p.: ill.; 24 cm
Note(s): "Originally published in 1925 in a two-volume edition."—Foreword
LC Subject(s): Osler, William, Sir, 1849-1919; Physicians — Canada — Biography

With extensive quotes from Osler's letters, Cushing provides a weighty biography for medical students. As noted by John F. Fulton in the foreword, "the gruesome phases of medical training and medical practice need never be repulsive or depressing if they are leavened by Osler's broad humanity, his love of life and of literature" (p. x). Osler's entire life is explored, from his early training and work in Canada to his years in Philadelphia and Baltimore to his later years at Oxford. Citing The Canadian Encyclopedia (1988), the Osler Society credits him as being "the first professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins University. He was particularly expert in diagnosis of diseases of the heart, lungs and blood. His textbook, The Principles and Practice of Medicine, published in 1892 and frequently revised, was considered authoritative for more than 30 years. He helped create the system of postgraduate training for physicians that is followed today."

R131 .D785 1992 fo
Duin, Nancy, and Jenny Sutcliffe. A History of Medicine: From Prehistory to the Year 2020. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1992.
Description: 255 p.: col. ill.; 31 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Duin and Sutcliffe's overview of the history of medicine has many large, full-color photos and illustrations. Early chapters cover ancient and early modern medicine, but most of the book deals with twentieth-century medicine in Europe and the United States, with particular emphasis on women's health (e.g., obstetrics, birth control), public health, and treatment methods.

R692 .E57 c.2
Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Deirdre English. Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers. Old Westbury, NY: The Feminist Press, 1973.
Description: 44 p. illus. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Women in medicine — History; Medicine — United States — History

This feminist analysis of women's roles in the medical profession in Europe and the United States links witch persecution to suppression of midwives and examines the historical trend toward male doctors and female nurses. Many black-and-white illustrations are included.

R131 .G25 c.2
Galdston, Iago, ed. On the Utility of Medical History. New York: International Universities Press, 1957.
Description: ix, 73 p. 23 cm
Alt series: New York Academy of Medicine. Institute on Social and Historical Medicine. Monograph 1
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Galdston's collection of essays on the discipline of the history of medicine contains "On the Utility of Medical History" by Iago Galdston; "Purposes and Values of Medical History" by George Rosen; "A Critique of Medical Historiography" by Owsei Temkin; "Psychology and Medical History" by Gregory Zilboorg; "On the Teaching of Medical History" by Edwin H. Ackerknecht; and "Historians, Empiricists, and Prophets" by Paul Schrecker.

R131 .G5313
Glasscheib, Hermann Samuel. The March of Medicine: Aberrations and Triumphs of the Healing Art. Translated by Mervyn Savill. London: Macdonald, 1963.
Description: 360 p., [12] leaves of plates: ill.; 23 cm
Note(s): Translation of Das Labyrinth der Medizin
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Glasscheib presents several stories of the history of medical treatments in Europe and the United States, considering the practitioners and institutions as well as methods and means. Part One deals with plague, syphilis, and tuberculosis specifically as well as the history of epidemic diseases in general. Part Two covers obstetrics, surgery, and anesthesia. Part Three explains the theories of the four humors, magnetism, homeopathy, medical shows (quacks), and dieticians. Part Four considers empirical observation, specifically tracking the importance of corpses for the study of anatomy, the stethoscope and X-rays for internal diagnosis, and psychoanalysis for the mind. Many black-and-white illustrations and photographs appear throughout the book.

R131 .G78
Guthrie, Douglas. From Witchcraft to Antisepsis: A Study in Antithesis. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955.
Description: 53 p. 22 cm
Series: Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine, 5th series
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This book contains two separate lectures. The first discusses the history of witches and witch-doctors as medical practitioners (and mental patients). The second is a biography of Joseph Lister and his contributions to surgery by introducing germ theory. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 30, p. 192.

R131 .H217 c.3
Haggard, Howard Wilcox. Mystery, Magic, and Medicine: The Rise of Medicine From Superstition to Science. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1933.
Edition: [1st ed.]
Description: 192 p. illus., ports. 19 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This general history of medicine from ancient times to the modern era (to 1933) emphasizes the treatment and study of diseases. Many photographs and other illustrations as well as biographical sketches of prominent figures (e.g., Louis Pasteur, Florence Nightingale, Major Reed, Ronald Ross) in the history of medicine are included.

R722 .H23 1954
Halford, Francis John. 9 Doctors & God. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1954.
Description: xiv, 306 p. illus., ports

Halford presents a biography of nine New England missionary physicians (and their wives) who worked in Hawaii in the late nineteenth century. The introduction describes precontact medical traditions on the islands and the impact of Captain Cook's arrival. Letters and diaries that describe medical practices and reactions among the native Hawaiians, particularly the nobility, are quoted. Halford also relates the attempts by the New Englanders to recreate customs that were inappropriate to the tropics. The focus is on European-American experiences; Hawaiian syphilis, smallpox, and leprosy are mentioned almost as an afterthought. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 30, p. 289.

R131 .I55
Inglis, Brian. A History of Medicine. Cleveland, OH: World, 1965.
Description: xv, 196 p. illus., col. plates. 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This general history of medicine is organized chronologically, with chapters on "Primitive Man;" ancient China, Babylon, and Egypt; ancient Greece and Rome; Islamic and Christian Middle Ages; Renaissance; and early modern and modern Europe and the United States. The sections from Ancient Greece to the seventeenth century focus on physicians from Hippocrates to Avicenna to Paré to Sydenham, with chapters as well on plague and on epidemics. The early modern and modern sections focus on diagnostic methods and fields like homeopathy, microbiology, public health, and mental health. Many large photos and illustrations appear throughout, some in color.

R111 .M423
King, Lester S., ed. Mainstreams of Medicine: Essays on the Social and Intellectual Context of Medical Practice. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971.
Description: x, 186 p. 24 cm
Note(s): Originally presented at a 1969 symposium sponsored by the University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio
LC Subject(s): Medicine

King's eclectic collection of essays on the history of medicine contains "Introduction: Medical Education in Mainstream" by David A. Kronick, "Great Medical Practitioners: A Historical Survey" by Chauncey D. Leake, "Medicine as a Function of Society" by George Rosen, "The Diseases of Civilization: Achievements and Illusions" by René Dubos, "Emergence of the Hospital as a Social Institution" by John H. Knowles, "The Coming Revolution in Medicine: A New Plan for Ambulatory Medical Care" by David D. Rutstein, "A Clinical Investigator Looks at Medical Education: The Discovery of the Medical Student as a Responsible Colleague" by Thomas Hale Ham, "The Impact of New Discoveries on Medical Practice: Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Infectious Diseases" by Harry F. Dowling, "Changing Concepts of Deviance" by Douglas Bond, "The Development of Scientific Medicine" by Lester King, and "Ethical Problems of Medical Research" by Henry Beecher.

R131 .L95 fo
Lyons, Albert S., and R. Joseph Petrucelli II. Medicine: An Illustrated History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1978.
Description: 616 p.: ill.; 34 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This very large book presents a broad overview of the history of medicine. The organization is primarily chronological (prehistory to 1978) and secondarily geographical (treating the ancient Americas, Middle East, Egypt, India, and China as well as medieval Islam before turning exclusively to Europe and the United States). Important physicians, institutions, diseases, and treatment methods are emphasized. Lyons and Petrucelli also include a few pages on women, dentistry, and veterinary medicine, as well as more than 1,000 illustrations. Garrison-Morton 6451.10.

R131 .M25 c.2 fo
Margotta, Roberto. The Story of Medicine. Edited by Paul Lewis. New York: Golden Press, 1968.
Description: 319 p. illus. 30 cm
Note(s): Translation of Medicina Nei Secoli
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medicine and art

Margotta's general overview of the history of medicine is organized chronologically from prehistory to the modern period. Important physicians, institutions, and diseases are emphasized. The chapters cover ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, then switch to an exclusively European and American focus. Many black-and-white and color illustrations appear throughout.

R131 .M12 fo
Marti-Ibañez, Felix. The Epic of Medicine. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1962.
Description: 294 p. illus. (part col.) 32 cm
Note(s): Originally published in 12 installments in MD, The Medical Newsmagazine
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Marti-Ibañez provides extensive historical context in this general survey of the history of medicine. Organized chronologically, chapters cover prehistory; ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome; medieval Byzantine, Islamic, and Catholic states; Renaissance, Baroque, and Enlightenment; and nineteenth and twentieth centuries (to 1978). More than 240 black-and-white illustrations and 38 full-color illustrations are included.

R131 .M272
Martí-Ibáñez, Felix. A Prelude to Medical History. New York: MD Publications, 1961.
Description: xix, 253 p. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

This loosely chronologically organized lecture contains excerpts on the history of medicine from prehistory to modern times (to 1961). Many important physicians and the advances they discovered or developed are highlighted. The index is invaluable inasmuch as the topics are wide ranging and not easy to determine from the table of contents.

R131 .O74 1923
Osler, William, Sir. The Evolution of Modern Medicine: A Series of Lectures Delivered at Yale University on the Silliman Foundation in April, 1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923.
Description: xiv, 243 p. illus. 26 cm
Series: Silliman Memorial Lectures
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Osler's lectures cover general topics in the history of medicine from ancient to modern times (to 1913). More than 100 illustrations, including photographs and drawings, are included. It is "one of the most interesting short histories of medicine, written in Osler's usual charming style, and is perhaps the best book with which to commence the study of medical history" (Garrison-Morton 6414). For a biography of Sir William Osler, see Cushing in this section.

R489.O7 A16 1958
Osler, William, Sir. A Way of Life and Selected Writings of Sir William Osler, 12 July 1849 to 29 December 1919. New York: Dover, 1958.
Description: 278 p. illus. 21 cm
Note(s): Formerly titled Selected Writings of Sir William Osler (1951)
LC Subject(s): Physicians

In the editor's note, Alfred White Franklin suggests that "Osler the physician telling of his interests in the history of medicine and medical men, of his ideas about the doctor's vocation, and of his love of books still has a part to play in the training of doctors" (p. vii). The introduction provides a brief biography of Osler. The 16 essays reprinted here visit the works of Sir Thomas Browne, Gui Patin, Robert Burton, Michael Servetus, William Beaumont, and Laennec, among other topics. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35, p. 390. For a biography of Osler, see Cushing in this section.

R131 .P64
Poynter, Frederick Noel Lawrence, and K. D. Keele. A Short History of Medicine. London: Mills & Boon, 1961.
Description: 160 p.: ill., diagrs.; 23 cm
Series: Science in Society; no. 2
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

In this general survey of the history of medicine, Part I, "Medicine and the Individual," describes important advances by scientists, and Part II, "Medicine and the Community," covers disease (particularly treatments) and medical institutions (e.g., hospitals). This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 37, p. 87.

HQ764.S3 A3 c.2
Sanger, Margaret. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography. New York: W. W. Norton, 1938.
Description: 3 p. l., 5-504 p. front. (port.) 25 cm
Note(s): "First edition."
LC Subject(s): Sanger, Margaret, 1879-1966; Birth control

Margaret Sanger's autobiography includes her medical training, nursing work, and groundbreaking efforts to legalize and promote birth control and sex education. She opened the first birth-control clinic in the United States and published materials that were deemed "obscene" under the Comstock Act. Her imprisonment led to popular support for the movement that led to the legalization of birth control. The American Birth Control League that she founded was the precursor to Planned Parenthood.

R134 .S6 v.4
Spector, Benjamin. One Hour of Medical History. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1935.
Description: v. front., plates, ports. 20 cm
Note(s): published by Tufts College Medical School
Author's presentation copy
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Biography; Medicine — History; Pageants

These biographies of important physicians are presented as they were enacted in a pageant by students at Tufts College Medical School. The students who chose Women in Medicine: Ancient Chinese and Japanese portrayed Hildegard von Bingen, Louyse Bourgeois, Marie Boivin, and Elizabeth Nihell. Those for the History of Circulation chose Galen, Michael Servetus, Hieronymous Fabricius, William Harvey, and Marcello Malpighi. The History of Respiration is represented by Robert Boyle, John Mayow, Joseph Priestley, and Antoine Lavoisier. Scientific drawings and likenesses of portrayed physicians are provided, as well as photos of the students in costume.

R131 .S85
Stubbs, Stanley George Blaxland, and E. W. Bligh. Sixty Centuries of Health and Physick: The Progress of Ideas From Primitive Magic to Modern Medicine. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd., [1931].
Description: xvi, 253 p. col. front., illus. (plan) LXIV pl. (incl. facsims., diagr.) on 32 l. 23 cm
Note(s): Each plate accompanied by guard sheet with descriptive letterpress; Errata slip laid in
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medicine, Magic, mystic, and spagiric

This general history of medicine from ancient through modern times (to 1931) uses extensive quotes from important physicians. The early modern and modern sections focus on disease, scientific advances, and medical institutions. Included are 64 plates of illustrations.

R131 .T8
Turley, Louis Alvin. The History of the Philosophy of Medicine. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1935.
Description: 3 p. l., 9-43 p. 21 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medicine — Philosophy

This brief overview of the history of medicine emphasizes the influence of belief systems (e.g., Christianity) and medical institutions.

R131 .W27 1959
Walker, Kenneth. The Story of Medicine. London: Arrow Books, 1959.
Edition: Grey Arrow edition
Description: 320 p., 8 leaves of plates: ill.; 18 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Walker presents an overview of the history of medicine from prehistory to the early modern period (to 1959), followed by extensive discussions of several modern topics: surgery, anaesthesia, antisepsis, inoculation, tropical diseases, deficiency diseases, and mental health. Many black-and-white illustrations are provided. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 30, p. 185.

This history of Chinese medicine is explicated within the framework of Taoist philosophy and presents biographies of influential medical figures in China. Chinese pharmacology is explored in detail, as are theories of anatomy and physiology, pathology (covering the perceived causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases), and dying. Illustrations of plants, people with diseases, and treatment methods for injuries are included. Another book in the collection is titled Chinese Folk Medicine but is otherwise identical to this copy.
 

2. Medical History in Images from Art and Literature

N8223 .D523 1978
Díaz Soto de Mazzei, Mariá Leticia. La Historia de la Medicina y el Arte. 2nd ed. Buenos Aires: Librería "El Ateneo," 1978.
Description: 140 p., [36] leaves of plates: ill.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine and art

This history of medicine and the arts (in Spanish) evaluates specific paintings from various time periods that have medical content. Topics include anatomists and surgeons at work, ophthalmology, odontology, leprosy, hypertrichosis ("Wolf people"), dwarfism, and depression.

R836 .H4713 1970 fo
Herrlinger, Robert. History of Medical Illustration: From Antiquity to 1600. New York: Editions Medicina Rara, 1970.
Description: [4], 178 p. illus. (some col.), facsims. (some col.) 30 cm
Note(s): Translated from the German edition by Graham Fulton-Smith
LC Subject(s): Medical illustration — History

Medical illustrations from antiquity through the sixteenth century are shown and described, with topics ranging from anatomy to surgery to pharmacology. Herrlinger focuses as much on illustrations as art and as part of books (bibliography) as on their importance to the history of medicine.

BL820.A4 K413 c.2
Kerényi, Karl. Asklepios; Archetypal Image of the Physician's Existence. Translated by Ralph Manheim. New York: Pantheon Books, 1959.
Description: xxvii, 151 p. illus. 26 cm
Series: Bollingen Series; 65. Archetypal Images in Greek Religion; v. 3
Note(s): Originally published in German as Der Göttliche Arzt
LC Subject(s): Aesculapius (Greek deity)

Kerényi uses archaeological evidence from cult sites, ancient literature, and art (in paintings, votive reliefs, statuary, and coins) to demonstrate how images of Asklepios, a Greek god of medicine, correlated to images of the ideal physician. He also provides descriptions of medical practice in Ancient Greece and Rome.

N8223 .M25 1965 c.2
MacKinney, Loren Carey. Medical Illustrations in Medieval Manuscripts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.
Description: xvii, 262 p. plates (part col.) 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine and art; Illumination of books and manuscripts — Specimens, reproductions, etc

MacKinney provides 104 miniatures of medical conditions or procedures, organized topically and described in detail, sometimes including translations of accompanying text. The subjects include hospitals, diagnostic methods (e.g., urology), materia medica, administration of medications (often herbal), cauterization, bloodletting, surgery, orthopedics, obstetrics, dentistry, and medicinal baths. Garrison-Morton 6524.2.

DD65 .M7 1924
Peters, Hermann. Der Arzt und die Heilkunst in der Deutschen Vergangenheit. 2nd ed. Jena: Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1924.
Description: 136 p., [3] fold. leaves of plates: facsims.; 28 cm
Series: Die Deutschen Stände in Einzeldarstellungen; Band. 3
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Physicians

Originally published in 1900, "This book is Peters' famous history of medical illustration and art. Peters traces the history of early medicine and shows the influence that physicians and their work had on the art world" (Kenny's Book Export Company, Ireland). Included are 153 woodcuts and facsimiles reproducing early illustrations.

R702 .S26 1983
Sandblom, Philip. Creativity and Disease: How Illness Affects Literature, Art and Music. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: George F. Stickley, 1983.
Description: 138 p.: ill. (some col.); 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Creative ability; Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.); Diseases

Sandblom explores how illness affects professional artists, particularly painters but also composers and writers. He provides 60 illustrations, many in color. The "illnesses" include mental disorders, congenital malformations, infirmity from old age, physical pain (from gallstones), and tuberculosis.
 

3. History of Medicine, Ancient Civilizations (to 500CE)

R135 .S2 c.2
Saunders, John Bertrand de Cusance Morant. The Transitions From Ancient Egyptian to Greek Medicine. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1963.
Description: 40 p. 22 cm
Series: Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine, 10th series
LC Subject(s): Medicine, Ancient

Saunders uses parallel descriptions found in ancient Egyptian papyri and ancient Greek texts to demonstrate how the Greeks appropriated Egyptian medical paradigms, diagnostic methods, and prescriptions. Specific examples of transmission include theories and knowledge of temple incubation, pharmacology, gynecology, and the nature of diseases. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 38, p. 585.

R135 .T513 c.3
Thorwald, Jürgen. Science and Secrets of Early Medicine: Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Mexico, Peru. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. London: Thames and Hudson, 1962.
Description: 331 p. illus., 8 col. plates, ports., maps. 24 cm
Note(s): Translation of Macht und Geheimnis der Frühen Ärzte
LC Subject(s): Medicine, Ancient; Paleopathology

Thorwald attempts to supplement Western histories of medicine based primarily on Greek sources by documenting the medicinal practices in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, Asia, and the Americas. The topics include diseases (and their prevention and treatment), medical training, gynecology, surgery, pharmacology, acupuncture, yoga, sweating, medical instruments, and theories of anatomy and physiology. Extensive historical contexts are provided, and there are more than 370 illustrations.

4. History of Medicine, Medieval Period (500-1500CE)
see also MacKinney in Medical History, Images in Art and Literature

RA775 .R33 1545
De Conservanda Bona Valetudine Opusculum Scholæ Salernitanæ / Ad Regem Angliæ Versibus Conscriptum cum Arnoldi Novicomensis ... Enarrationibus; et Haec Omnia à Barbarie, & Infinitis, Quibus Scatebant, Mendis, Tam Accuratè Repurgata, Ut Iam Quasi Novam Faciem Induerint, Citraq[ue] Offensionem Legi Possint, Opera & Studio Ioannis Curionis & Iacobi Crellii. Francoforti: Apud Christianum Egenolphum, 1545.
Alt title: Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum
Description: 4 [i.e 8], 141 [i.e. 282], [4] p.; 16 cm. (8vo)
LC Subject(s): Health — Early works to 1800; Hygiene — Early works to 1800

First printed in 1484 and regularly reprinted in various forms throughout the Middle Ages, this extremely influential Latin poem set forth the Salernian rules for hygiene and medical treatment. "The earliest Italian medical school opened in Salerno in the ninth century AD, and as the place where the streams of classical, Arab and Jewish medicine flowed together was the predecessor of the medical renaissance. A number of medical texts have survived from the Salerno school on various aspects of medicine. The best known is the Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, the Salerno Book of Health. The book is filled with practical suggestions for maintaining health, at a time when medicine was largely ineffective in curing sickness." (http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/history/salerno/)

R147.P6 F53
Fisch, Max Harold. Nicolaus Pol, Doctor, 1494; With a Critical Text of His Guaiac Tract. Edited and translated by Dorothy M. Schullian. New York: Herbert Reichner, 1947.
Description: 244, [2] p. illus., ports. 26 cm
Note(s): "This volume [was] planned and published to celebrate the semi-centennial of the Cleveland Medical Library Association."
Contents: Introduction.—Nicolaus Pol, doctor, 1494.—De Cura Morbi Gallici per Lignum Guaycanum.—The Cleveland collection of books from Pol's library.—The Yale collection of books from Pol's library.—Inclusive list of books and manuscripts known to have belonged to Nicolaus Pol.—Indices
LC Subject(s): Pol, Nicolaus, ca. 1470-1532; Medicine — Bibliography — Catalogs; Syphilis; Science — Early works to 1800 — Bibliography

Fisch provides both a biography and a bibliography of Nicolaus Pol, physician to Emperor Maximilian I and author of a posthumously printed book on the efficacy of the guaiacum plant to treat syphilis (Morbi Gallici, the French disease). This volume describes and traces the history of Pol's personal library and includes several illustrations, particularly photographs of Pol's books. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 23, p. 430.

R131 .F86 v.2
Freind, John. The History of Physick; From the Time of Galen, to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century. Chiefly With Regard to Practice. In a Discourse Written to Dr. Mead. Part 2. London: J. Walthoe, 1727.
Description: 2 v. 20 cm
Note(s): Pt. 2: the 2d ed., corrected; "Vita Gabrielis filii Bachtishuae, filii Georgii, ex arabico latine reddita a Salomone Negri Damasceno": v. 2, p. [1]-26 at end
LC Subject(s): Jibr¯il ibn Bakht¯ish¯u; Medicine — History

This second volume emphasizes medieval Arabic medicine (e.g., Avicenna, Averroes) in particular. Topics covered range from anatomy to disease to surgery to physician biographies to medical schools. "Freind was the first English historian of medicine; his book is the best English work on the period of which it treats. Freind dabbled in politics and planned the above work while committed to the Tower of London on a charge of high treason, a charge of which he was innocent. Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister at the time, suffered much from renal calculi and called in Mead, a great friend of Freind. Mead refused to treat Walpole until Freind was released, and this was speedily arranged!" (Garrison-Morton 6378).

R141 .M3
MacKinney, Loren Carey. Early Medieval Medicine, With Special Reference to France and Chartres. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1937.
Description: 3 p. l., 247 p. incl. IX pl. (plan, facsims) front. (port.) 21 cm
Series: Publications of the Institute of the History of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University. 3d ser., vol. III
Note(s): The Hideyo Noguchi lectures; Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates
LC Subject(s): Medicine, Medieval; Medicine — France; Medicine — France — Chartres

MacKinney discusses medieval pharmacology for disease and injury, surgical methods (e.g., bloodletting, military amputations), and regulation of the diet and also describes monastic infirmaries, medieval physicians, and extant texts, including 9 illustrations from medieval manuscripts. Garrison-Morton 6524.

R147.S4 A52 c.2
Servetus, Michael. Michael Servetus: A Translation of His Geographical, Medical and Astrological Writings With Introductions and Notes. Translated by Charles Donald O'Malley. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1953.
Description: 208 p. port., facsims. 23 cm
Series: Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, v. 34
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Early works to 1800; Astrology

This collection of Servetus's writings includes a brief biography in the introduction. Chapter I is "Ptolemy's Geography. 1535." Chapter II, "The Apology Against Fuchs. 1536," which is a defense of Avicenna. Chapter III, "The Syrups. 1537," containing an attack on Avicenna using a Galenic framework. Chapter IV, "The Discourse in Favor of Astrology. 1538." Chapter V, "The Second Edition of Ptolemy's Geography. 1541." Chapter VI, "The Christianismi Restitutio. 1553: The Description of the Lesser Circulation," containing "the first printed description of the lesser circulation" (Garrison-Morton, p. 98), which led to Servetus being burned at the stake.
 

5. History of Medicine, Early Modern Period (1500-1900CE)

R489.L6 A35
Abraham, James Johnston. Lettsom, His Life, Times, Friends and Descendants. London: W. Heinemann, 1933.
Description: xx, 498 p. incl. front., illus. (incl. ports., maps, facsims.) fold. geneal. tab. 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Lettsom, John Coakley, 1744-1815; Lettsom family

Abraham's detailed biography covers John Lettsom's life and, in so doing, much of the history of medicine of his time. Topics include his medical training under John Fothergill and at the University of Edinburgh, his medical practice, his books (on diseases and on botany), the Medical Society of London, campaigns against quacks, support of Jenner's smallpox vaccine, prison reform (Lettsom was a Quaker), and influence among many prominent Americans. More than 100 illustrations are dispersed throughout the text.

R529.B6 A5 1927 c.2
Boerhaave, Hermann. Hermann Boerhaaves Briefe an Johann Bapt. Bassand in Wien. Edited by Ernst Darmstaedter. Munich, Germany: Münchner Drucke, 1927.
Description: xlv, [1] p. front., illus. (facsim.) 24 cm
Series: Münchener Beiträge zur Geschichte und Literatur der Naturwissenschaften und Medizin ... III. Sonderheft
LC Subject(s): Bassand, Jean Baptiste, 1680-1742; Physicians — Correspondence

In English the title would be Hermann Boerhaave's Letters to Johann Baptiste Bassand in Vienna. Encyclopaedia Britannica praises Boerhaave as "professor of botany and of medicine, rector of the university, professor of practical medicine, and professor of chemistry. By his brilliant teaching he restored the prestige of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Leiden, and students came from all parts of Europe to hear his lectures. . . . He is often credited with founding the modern system of teaching medical students at the patient's bedside. Boerhaave's principal works are textbooks that were widely used during and after his lifetime: Institutiones Medicae (1708; 'Medical Principles'), Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis (1709; 'Aphorisms on the Recognition and Treatment of Diseases'), and Elementa Chemiae (1724; 'Elements of Chemistry')." Bassand was a student of Boerhaave's who was himself prominent as a military surgeon. Bassand also attended Prince Eugene of Savoy and Maria Theresa of Austria. Of the 13 letters provided, 1 is in Latin, 2 in French, and 10 in German.

R626.A1 B66 c.3
Bowers, John Z. Western Medical Pioneers in Feudal Japan. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1970.
Description: xi, 245 p. illus. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Japan; Physicians — Japan

This history of the influence of Europeans on Japanese medicine begins with an introductory chapter on precontact medical traditions. Chapter 2, "The Early Years at Deshima: Willim Ten Rhijne and Engelbert Kaempfer," describes the small Dutch community allowed to stay in 1641 when Japan closed itself to other Europeans. The Dutch doctors studied Japanese medicine and were allowed to practice using their own methods as well. Chapter 3 focuses on Carl Pieter Balthasar von Siebold. Finally, J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort is profiled. Important figures organize the text, which describes pharmacology and medical practices exchanged between the cultures. A drawing appears at the beginning of each chapter. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 46, p. 313.

R489.S63 B7
Brooks, Eric St. John. Sir Hans Sloane, the Great Collector and His Circle. London: Batchworth Press, 1954.
Description: 234 p. illus., ports., facsims. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Sloane, Sir Hans, Baronet, 1660-1753

Sloane was a physician and botanist, but, more importantly, his collections formed the nucleus of the new British Museum. This biography emphasizes his correspondence, his travels (e.g., to Jamaica, which led to his Natural History of Jamaica, 1725), and his association with the College of Physicians, Royal Society, and, of course, the British Museum.

R489.C45 A38
Cheyne, George. The Letters of Doctor George Cheyne to Samuel Richardson (1733-1743). Edited by Charles F. Mullett. Columbia: University of Missouri, 1943.
Description: 137 p. facsims., port. 27 cm
Series: The University of Missouri Studies. (1926) Vol. XVIII, no. 1
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Early works to 1800

Mullett provides a biographical sketch of Cheyne (author of The English Malady and The Natural Method of Cureing the Diseases of the Body) and the background of his correspondence with Richardson (a British novelist) in the introduction. The two main themes in the reprinted letters are Cheyne's medical advice to Richardson and Cheyne's publications, specifically requests for critiques of drafts and details about the publishing process (e.g., publisher fees, type of paper used).

R489.B86 F5 c.3
Finch, Jeremiah Stanton. Sir Thomas Browne: A Doctor's Life of Science & Faith. New York: Henry Schuman, 1950.
Description: viii, 319 p. illus., ports. 22 cm
Series: [Life of Science Library]
LC Subject(s): Browne, Thomas, Sir, 1605-1682

Sir Thomas Browne is revered as the author of Religio Medici, which "like Sir William Osler, many a physician has found . . . a companion through the cares of professional life, and it has been the subject of addresses and essays by distinguished members of the medical calling" (p. 5). Finch brings together various sources to tell the story of Browne's life, particularly his medical practice and his ideas about the usefulness of religion that have resonated with readers down through the centuries. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 26, p. 194.

R489.F6 A4 1971 c.2
Fothergill, John. Chain of Friendship: Selected Letters of Dr. John Fothergill of London, 1735-1780. With Introduction and Notes by Betsy C. Corner & Christopher C. Booth. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1971.
Description: xxiv, 538 p. illus., facsims., geneal. table, map, ports. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Physicians — Correspondence

An introductory chapter provides a biographical sketch of Fothergill's life and influence. Some 200 letters are then reprinted in chronological order. Fothergill, a prominent London physician, was a friend of Americans Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, and Benjamin Waterhouse. Fothergill's practice included a preference for sustaining food, fresh air, and clean linens rather than the common practices of purging and bleeding. His interest in pharmacy led him to establish a botanical garden in Essex, and he donated books and supplies to the new Pennsylvania Hospital.

R605 .H77
Honigberger, John Martin. Thirty-five Years in the East. Adventures, Discoveries, Experiments, and Historical Sketches, Relating to the Punjab and Cashmere; in Connection With Medicine, Botany, Pharmacy, Etc. London: H. Baillière, 1852.
Description: xxix, 214 p. front. (port.) plates, facsim. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — India; Botany — India; Materia medica — India; India — History; India — Description and travel

The title describes this book well. Honigberger left his native Transylvania in 1815 for the East. He describes his medical practice en route in Constantinople and Baghdad before reaching Lahore. His lively account includes descriptions of local illnesses and injuries as well as their treatment methods. Lithographic engravings of his Indian acquaintances are included.

R152 .K36 1967
Karolevitz, Robert F. Doctors of the Old West: A Pictorial History of Medicine on the Frontier. New York: Bonanza Books, 1967.
Description: 192 p. illus., facsims., ports. 28 cm
LC Subject(s): Physicians — United States — Pictorial works; Medicine — United States — Pictorial works

"Being a pictorial history, its [this book's] approach is broad, and the words 'frontier' and 'Old West' are loosely applied. It is not a dates-and-places chronicle, but a nostalgic glance backward at the collective activities of all the saddlebag practitioners from the prairies to the Pacific. Appropriately, the story also includes the professional allies of the doctor . . . the pioneer hospital—and . . . the patent medicines, cure-alls, health caves and sanitaria which flourished during the period" (p. 7). Included are chapters like "Saga of Scalps and Scalpels"; "Purge, Blister and Bleed"; "Regulars, Eclectics and God-Knows-What"; "Tools, Techniques and Aching Teeth"; "From Shank's Mare to Stanley Steamers"; "From the Pest House: Nowhere but Up"; "Leeches, Laudanum and Soda Water"; "Quackery: By Truss and Tonic"; "Never Call Them the Weaker Sex"; and "A Gallery of Pioneers."

R148 .K5 c.2
King, Lester Snow. The Medical World of the Eighteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.
Description: 346 p. illus. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History

Chapter I, "Apothecary and Physician," describes formal medical institutions of the day. Chapter II, "Quack and Empiric," describes practitioners who lacked formal training. Chapters III and IV provide a biography of Hermann Boerhaave. Chapter V is "Of Fevers." Chapter VI, "Similia Similibus," describes homeopathy. Chapter VII, "Nosology," explains the classification of diseases. Chapter VIII is "The Development of Medical Ethics." Chapter IX is "The Rise of Modern Pathology." Chapter X, "The Practice of Medicine," quotes specific examples of cases of disease and considers the medical practitioners' roles in their treatment. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 32, p. 576.

R558.T67 L36 c.2
Lanning, John Tate. Pedro de la Torre, Doctor to Conquerors. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974.
Description: xiv, 145 p. facsims. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Torre, Pedro de la, b. ca. 1507; Medicine — Mexico — History

This biography reveals Pedro de la Torre, page to Erasmus and later doctor to the conquerors who followed Cortés to Mexico. De la Torre was charged with practicing without a valid medical license in Veracruz at the height of a smallpox epidemic, at a time when two of the three other doctors refused to treat poor or indigenous peoples. Six years later, de la Torre ran afoul of the Inquisition, although he was ultimately spared. Lanning uses this physician's career to demonstrate the low level of medical professionalism in the new American colony in the sixteenth century.

R489.C3 O6 c.2
O'Malley, Charles Donald. English Medical Humanists, Thomas Linacre and John Caius. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1965.
Description: 54 p. 22 cm
Series: Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine; 12th series
LC Subject(s): Caius, John, 1510-1573; Linacre, Thomas, 1460-1524

As the inside jacket cover explains, "though Linacre, an associate of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More, has been remembered as a leader in the advancement of Greek studies in England, his role in the founding and direction of the College of Physicians and the regulation of English medical practice is less familiar. John Caius, 'Galenist and spiritual descendant of Thomas Linacre,' was also a leading humanist, whose work supplemented that of his predecessor." The work of Caius included anatomy lectures to London surgeons and the publication of descriptions of a sweating sickness outbreak in 1552. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 40, p. 181.

R154.T47 R4
Reid, Edith Gittings. The Life and Convictions of William Sydney Thayer, Physician. London: Oxford University Press, 1936.
Description: x, [2], 243 p. fronts., ports. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Thayer, William Sydney, 1864-1932

Reid's biography of William Sydney Thayer, close associate of Sir William Osler and influential professor of medicine in the early years of Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School, also covers his impressions of Russia, where he was sent to serve with the Red Cross during World War I. The author knew Thayer well, so can speak both to his personal life and to his professional life, drawing on private papers as well as published works like his Lectures on the Malarial Fevers (1897).

R154.H667 R6
Robbins, Christine Chapman. David Hosack, Citizen of New York. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1964.
Description: vii, 246 p. illus., geneal. table, map, ports. 24 cm
Series: Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, v. 62
LC Subject(s): Hosack, David, 1769-1835

David Hosack is noteworthy as the founder of the Elgin Botanic Garden in New York, the first in the United States, but this biography also deals with his medical practice: "As a practicing physician he lived through some of the most disastrous epidemics the city was to know, and early in his career he took a bold stand on the origin and treatment of yellow fever. He practiced vaccination for smallpox when it was still a controversial issue among his own profession, and was deeply involved in one of the most turbulent periods in the history of medical education in this country" (p. 3). Hosack was also the attending physician of Alexander Hamilton at his duel with Aaron Burr. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 40, p. 92.

R520.B32 B33
Schullian, Dorothy M., ed. The Baglivi Correspondence From the Library of Sir William Osler. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974.
Description: xxi, 531 p. 29 cm
Series: Cornell Publications in the History of Science
LC Subject(s): Baglivi, Giorgio, 1668-1707; Physicians — Correspondence; Medicine — Early works to 1800

"The group [of 173 letters and drafts] at the Osler Library was written in the period 1677–1698; it includes letters to Baglivi, numerous drafts of his replies, and a few letters or copies of letters neither to nor by him . . . preserved in his files" (p. xv). The letters are presented in Latin, Italian, or French, with English summaries. Baglivi was "born in Dubrovnik in 1668, trained by the Jesuits there, . . . assisted Marcello Malpighi in Rome from 169 to 1694 . . . practiced in Rome, taught in its university, and published in Latin works based on mechanistic principles" (p. xvi). The index is helpful for such an extensive collection of letters. Topics include contemporary medical practice, institutions, and literature.

R148 .S45 c.2
Shryock, Richard Harrison. Medicine and Society in America: 1660–1860. New York: New York University Press, 1960.
Description: 182 p. 22 cm
Series: Anson G. Phelps Lectureship on Early American History
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medicine — United States

Chapter 1, "Origins of a Medical Profession," examines the evolution of the profession whose members, training methods, and licensing requirements have changed over time. In Chapter 2, "Medical Thought and Practice: 1660–1820," Shryock presents paradigms for the nature of disease, contrasts the viewpoints of Cotton Mather and Benjamin Rush (and highlights other important figures), discusses the nature of surgery, and documents the dearth of research in anatomy and physiology. Chapter 3, "Health and Disease: 1660–1820," opens with a discussion of the exchange of diseases (and remedies) among European colonials, indigenous Native Americans, and Africans. The spread and decline of malaria and other infectious diseases is considered next, with emphasis on climate, public hygiene, and living conditions. In Chapter 3, "Medicine and Society in Transition: 1820–1860," sentimentalism is contrasted with empiricism, surgical advances are explored, and the changing nature of medical schools and hospitals is noted, including the return of female doctors. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35, p. 186.
 

6. History of Anatomy
see also Knight in History of Physiology

QM16.L4 B4 1969 c.2
Belt, Elmer. Leonardo the Anatomist. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1956.
Description: 76 p. illus. 23 cm
Series: Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine, 4th series
LC Subject(s): Leonardo, da Vinci, 1452-1519

Belt describes da Vinci's contributions to anatomy and comparative anatomy. Included are 14 of da Vinci's drawings. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 30, p. 282.

QM16.R3 C3
Cannon, Dorothy F. Explorer of the Human Brain: The Life of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934). New York: Henry Schuman, 1949.
Description: xv, 303 p., illus., map, plates, ports. 22 cm
Series: The Life of Science Library
LC Subject(s): Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 1852-1934

Several books in the Norland Collection deal with Santiago Ramón y Cajal. This Spaniard had wanted to become an artist, but his father convinced him to pursue medicine instead. Ramón y Cajal's artistic talents are evident, however, in his medical drawings. After obtaining his medical degree, he was drafted into the Army Sanitary Corps and sent to Cuba, where he contracted malaria and tuberculosis while serving as an army doctor in 1874–1875. He then returned to Spain to recuperate, where he would pursue the study of anatomy and eventually (in 1906) be awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the structure of the nervous system. This biography includes quotes from Ramón y Cajal, photos of him and his family, and some of his medical drawings.

QL805 .C6 c.2
QL805 .C6 c.3
Cole, Francis Joseph. A History of Comparative Anatomy: From Aristotle to the Eighteenth Century. London: Macmillan, 1949.
Description: viii, 524 p. illus. (incl. facsims.) 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Anatomy, Comparative — History

As noted on inside jacket cover, Cole provides "a critical review of the development of comparative anatomy from Aristotle up to the end of the seventeenth century. . . . There are nearly two hundred photographs. . . . The author classifies the material chiefly under the various comparative anatomists, beginning with the Greeks, through the sixteenth century, followed by the development of craftsmanship to Harvey and the Encyclopaedists. This is followed by the new outlook on comparative anatomy, which led up to the famous Dutch school. Academies and societies, the method of teaching anatomy, and the anatomical museums receive special consideration." Garrison-Morton 356. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 18, p. 566.

QM33.5 .K4
Kevorkian, Jack. The Story of Dissection. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959.
Description: 80 p. illus. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Dissection — History

Kevorkian presents a brief outline of the history of dissection from antiquity to modern times in the West. Included are 16 illustrations of physicians from Hippocrates to Virchow. Yes, the author is the (in)famous euthanasia proponent.

QM33.5 .L3 c.2
Lassek, Arthur Marvel. Human Dissection: Its Drama and Struggle. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1958.
Description: 310 p. illus. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Human dissection — History

This history of dissection from ancient to modern times in Europe, the Middle East (i.e., among Medieval Arabs), Asia, and the Americas emphasizes biographies of anatomists like Galen, Vesalius, and Knox. Other chapters focus on dissections in early modern and modern medical schools in the United States. Extensive historical and cultural context is provided. Some illustrations, mostly likenesses of physicians, are included. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 33, p. 279.

QM16.T9 M6
Montagu, M. F. Ashley. Edward Tyson., M. D., F. R. S., 1650–1708, and the Rise of Human and Comparative Anatomy in England: A Study in the History of Science. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1943.
Description: xxix, 488 p. front., illus. (incl. ports., facsims., coat of arms) fold. geneal. tab. 24 cm
Series: Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society ... vol. xx, 1943
LC Subject(s): Tyson, Edward, 1650-1708; Anatomy — History; Science — History

Edward Tyson was an English physician best known for his detailed comparative studies of primates (particularly orangutans and chimpanzees) that suggested their similarities to humans a century before the theory of evolution was developed. Details of both his personal and his professional life are included in this biography. More than 50 illustrations, including portraits, pages from Tyson's writings, and maps are also provided. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, p. 529.

QL953 .N4 1959 c.3
Needham, Joseph. A History of Embryology. 2nd ed. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1959.
Description: 303 p. illus., ports., diagrs., facsim. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Embryology — History; Embryology — Bibliography

Needham provides "an exhaustive history of the subject. Deals with embryology from the earliest times to the beginning of the 19th century and includes a valuable bibliography and many illustrations" (Garrison-Morton 533). Arranged chronologically, Needham's sources in antiquity are Egyptian, Indian, and Greek; in the Middle Ages are from Jews, Muslims, and Christians; and in the early modern period are European. He quotes prominent physicians and includes illustrations such as portraits, anatomical drawings, and charts.

QM16.V5 O43 c.2
O'Malley, Charles Donald. Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514–1564. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
Description: xv, 480 p. illus., ports., facsims. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Vesalius, Andreas, 1514-1564

This thorough biography of Andreas Vesalius, the great anatomist, includes context of prior and contemporary work in the field and draws on recent sources not available to Moritz Roth, who wrote the definitive Vesalius biography in 1892. Many illustrations, including drawings by Vesalius and by other anatomists, portraits, book title pages, and city views are included.

QM16.K6 R3
Rae, Isobel. Knox: The Anatomist. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1964.
Description: v, 164 p., 8 leaves of plates; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Knox, Robert, 1793-1862

Robert Knox is best known for his School of Anatomy, which was infamous as the site where Burke and Hare were caught selling the bodies of their murder victims. Rae's biography also relates Knox's early service in Brussels attending the wounded from the Battle of Waterloo. Included are a few photos and caricatures of Knox and his associates. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 41, p. 86.

QM11 .S6 1957 c.2
Singer, Charles Joseph. A Short History of Anatomy From the Greeks to Harvey. (The Evolution of Anatomy.) 2nd ed. New York: Dover, 1957.
Description: 209 p. illus. 21 cm
Note(s): First ed. published in 1925 under title: The Evolution of Anatomy
LC Subject(s): Human anatomy — History; Anatomists

As the title indicates, this book is a concise history of anatomy from Ancient Greece to Harvey in the seventeenth century, with several chapters devoted in particular to Galen and Vesalius. Included are many detailed drawings (e.g., from the Fabrica of Vesalius) throughout, as well as maps, likenesses of physicians, and a few charts. "This invaluable reference book is an expansion of the FitzPatrick Lectures, 1923–24" (Garrison-Morton 454). This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 32, p. 477.

QM33.5 .T3 v.1
Tarin, Pierre. Anthropotomie, Ou l'Art de Disséquer: Les Muscles, les Ligamens, les Nerfs, & les Vaisseaux Sanguins du Corps Humain. . . . Paris: Chez Briasson, 1750.
Description: 2 v.: ill.; 17 cm. (4to)
Note(s): Attributed to P. Tarin in: Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes / par Ant.-Alex. Barbier. Hildesheim: Olms, 1963. Tome I, col. 209
LC Subject(s): Human dissection — Early works to 1800; Human anatomy — Early works to 1800

This rare volume (in French) includes not only detailed descriptions of dissection methods but also drawings of instruments useful for dissections. Tarin was a French anatomist who contributed to Diderot's Encylopédie and worked with the Gautier D'Agoty group to publish medical illustrations.

QM16.R3 W5
Williams, Harley. Don Quixote of the Microscope: An Interpretation of the Spanish Savant, Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934). London: Jonathan Cape, 1954.
Description: 255 p. illus. 21 cm
LC Subject(s): Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 1852-1934

See Cannon in this section for a description of Ramón y Cajal's life. This biography includes two of Ramón y Cajal's medical drawings and a photograph.
 

7. History of Physiology
see also American Physiological Society in History of Medical Societies

QP26.P35 B3 c.4
Babkin, Boris Petrovich. Pavlov: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
Description: xiii, 364 p. illus., ports. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 1849-1936

This biography of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov was written by one of his students. Part I is a biography of Pavlov's personal life, medical training, and scientific beliefs and research methods. Part II relates his early work on circulation of the blood, Part III his work on the digestive glands, and Part IV his well-known work on conditioned reflexes. Six illustrations include photographs and line drawings.

QP26.H3 C52
Chauvois, Louis. William Harvey: His Life and Times: His Discoveries: His Methods. New York: Philosophical Library, 1957.
Description: 271 p. illus. 24 cm
Note(s): Translated from the French William Harvey: Sa Vie et Son Temps: Ses Découvertes: Sa Méthode
LC Subject(s): Harvey, William, 1578-1657

Chauvois provides a thorough if idolatrous treatment of Harvey's life and scientific contributions to physiology and medicine. Included are the historical context of medicine in the Middle Ages and the works of earlier theorists on physiology, as well as a critical examination of Harvey's text, the judgment of contemporaries and posterity on Harvey's description of circulation of the blood, and the significance of his experimental methods. The book covers personal as well as professional events and contains many illustrations, including scientific line drawings.

R134 .D45
Dempster, James Herbert. Pathfinders of Physiology. Detroit, MI: Detroit Medical Journal Co., 1914.
Description: 66 p., [4] leaves of plates: ill., ports.; 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Physicians — Biography; Physiologists — Biography

Breakthroughs in the history of physiology from the Renaissance to the end of the nineteenth century are traced by examining the lives and works of key "pathfinders." Chapter 1 is "The Circulation of the Blood—William Harvey." Digestion is dealt with in Chapters 2 (Stahl and Boerhaave, Peyer and Brunner, Borelli and Sylvius, Haller, Reaumur, Spallanzani, Stevens) and 3 (William Beaumont). Chapter 4 is "Glycogenic Function of the Liver—Vaso Motor Nerves—Claude Bernard." Chapter 5 deals with respiration (Boyle, Hooke, Mayow, Priestly, Lavoisier). Chapter 6, the nervous system (Galen, Willis, Glisson, Goll, Bell and Magendie, Broca, Tuke, Rush, and Pinel). Chapter 7 concludes the book with cell theory (Bichat, Schleiden and Schwann, Muller, Virchow, Dujardin, Starling).

QP21 .F75 1970
Foster, Michael, Sir. Lectures on the History of Physiology During the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries. New York: Dover, 1970.
Description: vii, 310 p. illus. 21 cm
Note(s): First published in 1901
LC Subject(s): Physiology — History; Medicine — History

Foster delivered these lectures at the Cooper Medical College (now part of Stanford University) in 1900. He describes the contributions to physiology of Vesalius, Harvey, Borelli, Malpighi, Van Helmont, Sylvius, Black, Priestley, and Lavoisier, among others. The introduction notes "generous quotations translated by Foster the classicist from the original Latin texts" (p. vi). Garrison-Morton 1575.

QP21 .G63
Goodfield, G. J. The Growth of Scientific Physiology: Physiological Method and the Mechanist-Vitalist Controversy, Illustrated by the Problems of Respiration and Animal Heat. London: Hutchinson, 1960.
Description: 174 p. 20 cm
Series: Nuffield Foundation. Unit for the History of Ideas. History of Scientific Ideas: A Teachers' Guide
LC Subject(s): Physiology — History; Animal heat; Respiration

The title explains the book well. Extensive quotes from scientists trace the evolution of competing theories. The technical language may be difficult for readers who are unfamiliar with the topic.

QP21 .G7
Graubard, Mark. Circulation and Respiration: The Evolution of an Idea. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1964.
Description: ix, 278 p. illus., facsim. 21 cm
Series: Ideas in Science
LC Subject(s): Blood — Circulation; Respiration; Physiology — History

Theories of circulation and respiration are reprinted from 17 contributors: Aristotle, Galen, Ibn Nafis, Andreas Vesalius, Michael Servetus, Realdus Columbus, Andreas Caesalpinus, Hieronymous Fabricius, William Harvey, Marcello Malpighi, Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, Philosophical Transactions, Robert Hooke, Richard Lower, John Mayow, Robert Boyle, and Giovanni Borelli.

QP21 .K57
Knight, Bernard. Discovering the Human Body: How Pioneers of Medicine Solved the Mysteries of the Body's Structure and Function. New York: Lippincott & Crowell, 1980.
Description: 192 p.: ill.; 28 cm
LC Subject(s): Human physiology — History; Human anatomy — History; Body, Human

Knight's overview of the history of human anatomy and physiology is organized by structures: heart and circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, brain and central nervous system, ears, eyes, blood and lymph, the cell, endocrine system, sex organs, pregnancy and the unborn child, and dissection. Many large illustrations and biographical sketches with portraits appear throughout the book.

QP25 .L3 c.2
Lain Entralgo, Pedro. Dos Biologos: Claudio Bernard y Ramon y Cajal. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Espasa-Calpe Argentina, 1949.
Description: 143 p.; 18 cm
Series: Colección Austral
LC Subject(s): Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878; Ramon y Cajal, Santiago, 1852-1934; Anatomists — Biography; Physiologists — Biography

Written in Spanish, these biographies are of Claude Bernard, the physiologist hailed as the "Founder of Experimental Medicine," and Santiago Ramon y Cajal, the Spanish anatomist and Nobel Prize winner in medicine (see Cannon in the History of Anatomy section regarding Ramon y Cajal). The section on Bernard includes chapters that provide the historical context and describe the experimental method he developed for studying animal physiology, his findings, his influence on the medical community, and written works by and about him. Ramon y Cajal's section describes his scientific work—how he was drawn to the microscope and the study of cells, what he discovered, and its influence on the scientific community.

QP26.B5 O39 c.2
Olmsted, James Montrose Duncan, and E. Harris Olmsted. Claude Bernard & the Experimental Method in Medicine. New York: H. Schuman, 1952.
Description: 277 p. illus. 22 cm
Series: Life of Science Library, no. 23
LC Subject(s): Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878

Olmsted's biography of Claude Bernard, the "Founder of Experimental Medicine," describes his early life, training at medical school in Paris, and the nature of his experiments and discoveries. Bernard's correspondence with other scientists is also highlighted. The book focuses on his professional life but also adds personal notes like his illnesses and reactions to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.
 

8. History of Medicinal Chemistry

R487 .D4 c.2
Debus, Allen G. The English Paracelsians. New York: Franklin Watts, 1966.
Description: 222 p. 4 plates. 23 cm
Series: Watts History of Science Library
LC Subject(s): Paracelsus, 1493-1541; Medicine — History; Medicine — Great Britain

Debus posits this book as "an attempt to define some of the major problems of concern to the English iatrochemists prior to 1640" (p. 9). These iatrochemists were alchemists who focused on medicinal uses of substances. Their efforts contributed to the recognition of chemistry as a respectable science. Debus argues, "in Paracelsus and his followers there was a curious blend of the occult and the experimental approaches to nature. These men were neither exclusively 'ancients' nor 'moderns'—rather, their work reflects strongly both ancient philosophical thought and the opening phases of the Scientific Revolution" (pp. 9–10). Six plates showing sixteenth- and seventeenth-century illustrations are included. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 44, p. 182.

QP511 .C47 c.2
Needham, Joseph, ed. The Chemistry of Life: Eight Lectures on the History of Biochemistry. Cambridge, UK: University Press, 1970.
Description: xxix, 213 p. illus., plates, ports. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Biochemistry — History

Based on a series of lectures at Cambridge University from 1958 to 1961, this book contains many illustrations, including photographs, line drawings of structures and instruments, and microscopic slides. Chapter 1 is "The Growth of Our Knowledge of Photosynthesis" by Robert Hill. Chapter 2 is "The History of Enzymes and of Biological Oxidations" by Malcolm Dixon. Chapter 3 is "The Development of Microbiology" by E. F. Gale. Chapter 4 is "Some Biological Signposts in the Progress of Neurology" by Kendal Dixon. Chapter 5 is "The Evolution of Ideas About Animal Hormones" by F. G. Young. Chapter 6 is "The Discovery of Vitamins" by Leslie J. Harris. Chapter 7 is "The Historical Foundations of Modern Biochemistry" by Mikulás Teich. The volume concludes with Chapter 8, "Some Lone Pioneers of Biochemistry in the Nineteenth Century" by Sir Rudolph Peters.
 

9. History of Microbiology

QR31.B8 A3 1969 c.2
Burnet, Macfarlane, Sir. Changing Patterns: An Atypical Autobiography. New York: American Elsevier, 1969.
Description: 282 p. illus., ports. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Burnet, Frank Macfarlane, Sir, 1899-

As the inside jacket cover explains, "Changing Patterns covers essentially the story of Macfarlane Burnet's career in research, first as a virologist and epidemiologist and, more recently, as a contributor to the understanding of immunity. Running through the book there is the personal thread of Macfarlane Burnet's picture of himself as a biologist, from the country boy who collected beetles, to the senior scientist who talked the hours away with Konrad Lorenz in an Austrian garden. . . . Changing Patterns is an account of the way in which scientific aspects of medicine have changed, how the approach to biological research has been modified, and how new concepts of human biology have emerged during one man's professional lifetime." Burnet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1960 and, in addition to his research papers, has published many books on viruses and on infectious diseases. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 47, p. 533.

R566.C3 A46
Carro, Joannes de. Letters of Jean de Carro to Alexander Marcet, 1794-1817. Edited by Henry E. Sigerist. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1950.
Description: vii, 78 p. port. 26 cm
Series: Supplements to the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, no. 12
LC Subject(s): Marcet, Alexander, 1770-1822; Physicians — Correspondence

The introduction provides biographical sketches of de Carro and Marcet. Jean de Carro was a Swiss physician who introduced Jenner's vaccine for smallpox throughout Europe. Alexander Marcet, a lecturer in chemistry at Guy's Hospital in London, was notable as the first to identify bicarbonate as the major blood buffer. The 22 letters (2 in English and 20 in French) were written from 1794 to 1817 and "probably give a truer picture of what actually happened on the Continent [as Jenner's vaccine using cowpox was taught] than the books written several years later" (p. v).

QP601 .P57 1958 c.3
Chas. Pfizer & Company. The Pasteur Fermentation Centennial, 1857–1957: A Scientific Symposium on the Occasion of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Publication of Louis Pasteur's Mémoire Sur la Fermentation Appelée Lactique. New York: 1958.
Description: xii, 207 p. plates, ports., diagrs., facsims., tables. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1895. Mémoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique; Fermentation

The morning program includes an introduction by James A. Shannon, "The Story of Pasteur's Discovery of the Cause of Fermentation" by L. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, "Pasteur and Modern Science," by René J. Dubos, "New Developments and Prospects in Fermentation Chemicals" by Marvin J. Johnson, and "Trends in Antibiotic Research" by Paul R. Burkholder. The first symposium, "Cellular and Biochemical Interplay Between Host and Parasite," included "The Cellular Management of Bacterial Parasites" by David E. Rogers, "The Role of Humoral Factors in Immunity" by Derrick Rowley, "The Metabolic Interrelationship Between Host and Parasite as Exemplified by the Albino Mouse and Salmonella Typhimurium" by L. J. Berry, and "Cellular and Biochemical Interplay Between Host and Parasite" by W. Wilbur Ackermann. The next symposium, "New Developments and Prospects in Fermentation Chemicals," was moderated by Marvin J. Honson and conducted by J. J. H. Hastings, A. F. Langlykke, Frank H. Stodola, and J. C. Sylvester. The final symposium, "Trends in Antibiotic Research," included "Note on the Antitoxic Properties of Penicillin" by Arturo Curbelo, "Genetics and Antibiotics" by Milislav Demerec, "Some Theoretical Problems in the Search for Anticancer Antibiotics" by G. F. Gause, "Mechanism of Action of Penicillin" by Jack L. Strominger, and "Trends in Antibiotics" by Hamao Umezawa. The evening program comprised tributes to the life and work of Louis Pasteur.

QR21 .C55 c.2
Clark, Paul Franklin. Pioneer Microbiologists of America. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1961.
Description: 369 p. illus. 25 cm
LC Subject(s): Microbiology — History

After an introductory section that traces the general history of epidemiology in the West, Clark proceeds to explore the development of theories of public hygiene, medical school training, and bacteriology (or microbiology) itself. The book is organized geographically, moving from the East Coast (with emphasis on Walter Reed and yellow fever, Trudeau and tuberculosis, and Park and diphtheria) to the Midwest (especially the University of Michigan Medical School, Chicago's sanitation problems, and the University of Wisconsin) to the West (especially Ricketts and Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the Gold Rush and those who combated the infectious diseases with which it was associated). Included are 38 photographs of microbiologists. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 36, p. 381.

QR31.A1 D4 1926 c.18
De Kruif, Paul. Microbe Hunters. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1926.
Description: 363 p. ports. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Bacteriologists; Bacteriology — History; Microorganisms

This classic bestseller (still in print) popularized the work of microbiologists. The chapters are "Leeuwenhoek: First of the Microbe Hunters," "Spallanzani: Microbes Must Have Parents!" "Pasteur: Microbes Are a Menace!" "Koch: The Death Fighter," "Roux and Behring: Massacre the Guinea-Pigs," "Metchnikoff: The Nice Phagocytes," "Theobald Smith: Ticks and Texas Fever," "Bruce: Trail of the Tsetse," "Ross vs. Grassi: Malaria," "Walter Reed: In the Interest of Science—And for Humanity!" and "Paul Ehrlich: The Magic Bullet."

QR31.D4 A3 c.2
De Kruif, Paul. The Sweeping Wind: A Memoir. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962.
Edition: [1st ed.]
Description: 270 p. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): De Kruif, Paul, 1890-1971

De Kruif's autobiography begins with his first sight of his wife—in the bacteriology lab of the University of Michigan shortly after World War I—and continues to relate his associations with top microbiologists that led him to publish his highly popular books such as Microbe Hunters. De Kruif's interest usually turns on the stories of how researchers stumbled onto groundbreaking treatment methods and on the importance of their correspondence with other researchers.

QR6 .D6 c.2
Doetsch, Raymond Nicholas. Microbiology: Historical Contributions From 1776 to 1908 by Spallanzani, Schwann, Pasteur, Cohn, Tyndall, Koch, Lister, Schloesing, Burrill, Ehrlich, Winogradsky, Warington, Beijerinck, Smith, Orla-Jensen. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1960.
Description: xii, 233 p. illus. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Microbiology

In these edited presentations of original research by key microbiologists, "the development of microbiology as a science may be discerned. One proceeds from the question of the origin of microbes (Spallanzani, Schwann, Tyndall), to their role in fermentations (Schwann, Pasteur), to methods for dealing with them in the laboratory (Koch, Ehrlich) and classifying them (Cohn, Orla-Jensen), to a recognition of the importance of their activities as biological entities (Lister, Schloesing, Warington, Winogradsky, Burrill, Smith, Beijerinck). Most of the papers are from journals relatively inaccessible to the modern reader, and a number have not been previously translated into English" (pp. v–vi). Illustrations include photographs, diagrams of instruments, and pictures of bacteria. Garrison-Morton 2581.2. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35, p. 481.

R626.N6 E3 c.2
Eckstein, Gustav. Noguchi. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931.
Description: ix p., 1 l., 419 p. front., plates, ports. 25 cm
Note(s): First edition
LC Subject(s): Noguchi, Hideyo, 1876-1928

This biography of Japanese bacteriologist Hideyo Noguchi covers his upbringing, medical education, and scientific work. Encyclopaedia Britannica credits Dr. Noguchi as the "first [who] discovered Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, in the brains of persons suffering from paresis. He also proved that both Oroya fever and verruga peruana could be produced by Bartonella bacilliformis. . . . Noguchi devised means of cultivating microorganisms that had never before been grown in the test tube. He studied poliomyelitis and trachoma and worked on a vaccine and serum for yellow fever."

R489.J5 F5 c.2
Fisk, Dorothy. Dr. Jenner of Berkeley. London: Heinemann, 1959.
Description: 288 p. illus. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Jenner, Edward, 1749-1823

Fisk's biography presents the personal and professional life of Edward Jenner, the physician who developed the smallpox vaccine. Jenner's surgical training under John Hunter is discussed, as are his efforts to convince physicians and the public alike that inoculation with cowpox is a better treatment than inoculation with smallpox. Among the 10 illustrations provided is a satirical cartoon warning against vaccination.

RA638 .I57 1913
International Medical Congress. The History of Inoculation and Vaccination for the Prevention and Treatment of Disease: Lecture Memoranda. London: Burroughs Wellcome, 1913.
Description: 310, [4], xvi p., [1] leaf of plates: ill. (some col.), facsims., maps (4 fold. col.), ports. (some col.); 18 cm
LC Subject(s): Vaccination — History

The first 120 pages present the history of inoculation and vaccination, with chapters on "Inoculation in Antient Times," "Smallpox Inoculations — Seventeenth to Eighteenth Century," "Inoculation in British Isles," "Genesis of Vaccination," "Discoverer of Vaccination" (Edward Jenner), "Progress of the Principles of Vaccination and Inoculation," "Bacteriology," and "Modern Developments." Another 200 pages fully advertises the pharmaceuticals and other medical products of the publisher, Burroughs Wellcome. Their materia medica farm is described, as is their medical equipment (used on polar expeditions, trips to Africa, in warfare, and in aviation). A thorough formulary of their products follows, and a folded map of London is provided at the end of the book. Many illustrations appear throughout.

QP624 .J82 1979
Judson, Horace Freeland. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.
Description: 686 p., [16] plates: ill.; 25 cm
LC Subject(s): DNA — History; Molecular biology — History

In Part I Judson relates the discovery of DNA, culminating in a reprint of Watson and Crick's 1953 Nature article. Part II explains "RNA — The Functions of the Structure: The Breaking of the Genetic Code, the Discovery of the Messenger." Part III concerns the elucidation of how protein molecules work. Illustrations include many photographs, chemical structures, schematic diagrams, and pictures of cellular structures. Garrison-Morton 145.2.

QR21 .L4 c.2
Lechevalier, Hubert A., and Morris Solotorovsky. Three Centuries of Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Description: 536 p. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Microbiology — History

Using extensive quotes from researchers' original works, Lechevalier and Solotorovsky trace the growth of microbiology in 12 chapters: "From Fracastoro to Pasteur," "Pasteur," "Koch," "Bacteria as Agents of Disease," "Immunology: Cellular," "Immunology: Humoral," "From Soil Microbiology to Comparative Biochemistry," "Viruses and Rickettsiae," "Mycology," "Protozoology," "Chemotherapy," and "Genetics." Garrison-Morton 2581.5.

R512.E4 M3 1951
Marquardt, Martha. Paul Ehrlich. New York: Henry Schuman, 1951.
Description: xx, 255 p. illus., facsims, ports. 22 cm
Note(s): "An extension of [the author's] ... Paul Ehrlich als Mensch und Arbeiter."
LC Subject(s): Ehrlich, Paul, 1854-1915

Encyclopaedia Britannica cites Paul Ehrlich as "the German medical scientist known for his pioneering work in hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy and for his discovery of the first effective treatment for syphilis [the drug salvarsan]. He received jointly with Élie Metchnikoff the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1908." Marquardt particularly highlights Ehrlich's laboratory methods as well as public and professional reactions to his work. Photographs and other illustrations appear throughout the text. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 28, p. 198.

RA638 .O8
O'Scanlan, Timoteo. Práctica Moderna de la Inoculación: Con Varias Observaciones y Reflexiones Fundadas en Ella, Precedidas de un Discurso Sobre la Ultilidad de Esta Operación, y un Compendio Histórico de su Origen, y de su Estado Actual, Particularmente en España; con un Catálogo de Algunos Inoculados. Madrid: En la Imprenta de Hilario Santos, 1784.
Description: [34], 449, [4 folded] p.; 15 cm. (8vo)
Note(s): Preface signed: Timothéo O-Scanlan
LC Subject(s): Vaccination — Early works to 1800; Vaccination — Spain

Published in 1784 in Spanish, this "Modern Practice in Inoculation" begins with a discussion of smallpox, then turns to cinchona (quina, the tree bark processed to make quinine) and mercury treatments, references other works available (in Spanish) on the subject, argues for the efficacy of O'Scanlan's preferred approach, quotes letters of support from Spanish authorities, and covers the history of inoculation in Spain and elsewhere. Chickenpox and other related diseases are also considered.

RA639.5 .P5 1974
Pierce, William Dwight. The Deadly Triangle: A Brief History of Medical and Sanitary Entomology. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 1974.
Description: iv, 138 p.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Insects as carriers of disease — History

"The Deadly Triangle of the Biological Complex is like a folding chain of triangles, and consists of the kind of disease organisms at one series of apices; the host animals, including man, at the second series of apices; and all of the arthropod vectors or transmitters at the third series of apices" (p. 6). This book traces the history and study of infectious diseases (particularly plague, malaria, yellow fever, and sleeping sickness) from ancient times to the twentieth century. Accounts of epidemics, descriptions of medical breakthroughs, changes in public health policies, the events of wars, and Pierce's "general principles governing insect transmission of disease" (p. 100) are included.

QR31.F5 R7
Rowland, John. The Penicillin Man: The Story of Sir Alexander Fleming. New York: Roy, [1957].
Description: 155 p. illus. 21 cm
LC Subject(s): Fleming, Alexander, 1881-1955

Rowland's biography of Sir Alexander Fleming covers his personal life from childhood, his medical training, and his work in bacteriology, especially on gangrene following surgery, on lysozyme, and on penicillin. Rowland emphasizes not only Fleming's discoveries but also their dissemination and reception among his colleagues and the wider public.

QR21 .S8
Stimson, Arthur Marston. A Brief History of Bacteriological Investigations of the United States Public Health Service. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950 [c1938].
Description: iii, 83 p. illus. 23 cm
Series: U. S. Public Health Service. Supplement no. 141 to the Public Health Reports
On cover: Bacteriological Investigations of the United States Public Health Service
LC Subject(s): United States. Public health service; Bacteriology — History

Stimson opens with an overview of the history of the U. S. Public Health Service itself (providing photos of buildings and doctors) and then relates the Service's efforts to address suspected public health threats due to bacteriological contagions: anaphylaxis, anthrax, biologics control (including botulism, meningitis, scarlet fever, smallpox, and tetanus), brucellosis, cholera, diphtheria, encephalitis, infectious jaundice, influenza, leprosy, measles, pellagra, plague, poliomyelitis, psittacosis, rabies, relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, trachoma, tuberculosis, tularaemia, typhoid fever, typhus fever, venereal diseases, and yellow fever.

QR21 .V3
Vandervliet, Glenn. Microbiology and the Spontaneous Generation Debate During the 1870's. Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1971.
Description: 134, 12 p. illus. 22 cm
Series: Coronado Publications in History of Science
LC Subject(s): Spontaneous generation; Microbiology — History

"This study will discuss the men and events which led to the discovery of bacterial endospore formation, to the recognition of the many factors which influence microbial thermal resistance, and to the development of efficient and effective means of heat sterilization. The scope of this work will be confined to three significant episodes during the 1870's and to the most important investigators who played some role in the turnip-cheese infusion, hay infusion, and urine episodes. The figures who participated in one or more of these three episodes were: Henry Charlton Bastian, John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, Ferdinand Julius Cohn, Robert Koch, Edwin Ray Lankester, Louis Pasteur, William Roberts, and John Tyndall" (p. 14). The illustrations are four wood engravings from the Chronique de Nuremberg (1493).

QR31.H3 W3 c.2
Waksman, Selman Abraham. The Brilliant and Tragic Life of W. M. W. Haffkine, Bacteriologist. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964.
Description: 86 p. illus., port. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Haffkine, Waldemar Mordecai Wolff, 1860-1930

Haffkine was a Russian-born microbiologist who worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris before going to India to test his cholera vaccine. After a bout of malaria, Haffkine developed a prophylactic inoculation against plague. Waksman describes Haffkine's experimental methods and efforts to disseminate his findings.

QR31.W3 A3 1958
Waksman, Selman Abraham. My Life With the Microbes. London: Scientific Book Club, 1958.
Description: 320 p.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Waksman, Selman A. (Selman Abraham), 1888-1973; Microbiologists — Biography

In his autobiography, Waksman describes his early work on soil microbiology and humus as well as his later work on "the associative and antagonistic effects of the microorganisms, to the formation of antibiotic substances, to their effect upon bacteria, and finally—and all this was particularly new—to their potential use in the control of disease" (pp. 297–298). Waksman is noted for his work in isolating neomycin, an antibiotic for tuberculosis (see Garrison-Morton, p. 251).

10. History of Viruses

QR364 .E76 1981
Eron, Carol. The Virus That Ate Cannibals. New York: Macmillan, 1981.
Description: xii, 193 p., [16] p. of plates: ill.; 22 cm
Note(s): "A portion of this book originally appeared in different form in The Washington Post, March 7, 1977" — copyright page
LC Subject(s): Virology — Popular works

After a chapter on the general nature of viruses, Eron presents six stories: "The Sting of Death" on yellow fever, "The Sculptor" on polio, "Anatomy of a Cold," "The Virus That Ate Cannibals" on kuru in Papua New Guinea, "A Perfect Crime" on cancer, and "Pay Dirt" on two manufactured drugs that destroyed viruses.

QR360 .S553 1965
Smith, Kenneth Manley. The Biology of Viruses. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Description: vii, 142 p. illus. 17 cm
Series: The Home University Library of Modern Knowledge, 254
LC Subject(s): Viruses; Virus diseases

Smith explains in the preface that he "selected a number of viruses affecting plants and animals [including humans] and described their 'life-history' or 'biography' if one can use such terms in reference to viruses. Each virus, or group of viruses, has been deliberately chosen because their study has resulted in a discovery of some importance or has led to the development of new techniques which have increased our knowledge of the subject" (p. ix). Chapters 1–7 deal with plant, bacterial, and insect viruses, and Chapters 8–12 cover viruses affecting humans and higher animals (enteroviruses, pox viruses, herpesviruses, myxoviruses, and tumour viruses).

QR360 .W5 c.3
Williams, Greer. Virus Hunters. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960.
Description: 503 p. illus. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Viruses; Physicians; Scientists

This history of viruses, virologists, and vaccines includes the stories of Jenner, Pasteur, Stanley, Theile and yellow fever, Salk and polio, influenza strains, and cancer. Photographs of both viruses and virologists are provided.
 

11. History of Hematology

RB145 .D77
Dreyfus, Camille. Some Milestones in the History of Hematology. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1957.
Description: 87 p. ill. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Hematology — History

"These pages constitute not a history of hematology but rather a selection of landmarks along the long road the interest in the study of the blood had to travel before it reached its present-day status" (p. 1). Dreyfus begins with an overview of the study of the blood, utilizing many direct quotations. Chapters on chronic hemolytic jaundice, leukemia, and plethora vera are "most instructive to follow step by step the evolution of the knowledge of a disease" (p. 46). The final chapter is a biography of Georges Hayem, a prominent French hematologist perhaps best known for his solution used for counting erythrocytes. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 32, p. 93.
 

12. History of Pathology

R489.O7 C78
Cunha, Felix. Osler As a Gastroenterologist. San Francisco: 1948.
Description: 57 p. port., facsims. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Osler, William, Sir, 1849-1919

The first two chapters describe Osler's profound influence on almost every aspect of medicine, but most of the book is devoted to his studies — and particularly his publications on gastroenterology (e.g., cirrhosis of the liver, abdominal tumors, cancer of the stomach). Some of Osler's general comments on medicinal practice are also provided. (For a full biography of Osler, see Cushing in the History of Medicine, General section.)

RB15 .L62 1965
Long, Esmond Ray. A History of Pathology. New York: Dover, 1965.
Edition: [Enl. & corr. ed.]
Description: xviii, 199 p. illus., facsim., ports. 22 cm
Note(s): First published in 1928
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Pathology — History

This history of pathology is largely biographical in nature, organized chronologically (with about half the book covering the nineteenth and twentieth centuries). The chapters are "The Pathology of Antiquity," "Galen and the Middle Ages," "The Pathology of the Renaissance," "The Seventeenth Century," "Morgagni and the Eighteenth Century," "The Paris School at the Opening of the Nineteenth Century," "Pathology in England in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century," "Rokitansky and the New Vienna School," "Virchow and the Cellular Pathology," "Pathological Histology and the Last Third of the Nineteenth Century," "The Rise of Bacteriology and Immunology," and "Experimental and Chemical Pathology." An appendix considers "Recent Trends in Pathology, 1929–1963." Among the 55 illustrations are portraits and examples of damaged structures. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 40, p. 585.

R489.P2 A2
Paget, James, Sir. Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget. Edited by Stephen Paget. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1901.
Description: 438 p. front., plates, ports., facsim. 23 cm

Paget's memoirs and letters relate his childhood, medical apprenticeship, work at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London from 1834 to 1871, private practice, and publications. Along with his friend Rudolf Virchow, Paget is considered to be one of the founders of modern pathology. His anatomical studies led to many descriptions of diseases, and his popularity and success led to his appointment as surgeon to Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales.
 

13. History of Disease (General)

R131 .A173 c.3
Ackerknecht, Erwin Heinz. History and Geography of the Most Important Diseases. New York: Hafner, 1965.
Edition: [1st ed.]
Description: xii, 210 p. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medical geography

This concise survey of the history of 38 diseases from prehistory to the present (1965) covers all parts of the world. Ackerknecht emphasizes etiology, the effects of disease (e.g., Black Death) on important historical events, and geographical distributions. Symptoms, treatments, scientific contributions, and public reactions to diseases are also considered. He first deals with the acute communicable diseases: plague, chlolera, typhus, relapsing fever, dysentery, yellow fever, dengue, smallpox, chicken pox, measles, rubella, scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, encephalitis, poliomyelitis, and epidemic meningitis. Next are chronic communicable diseases: malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis. Also included are chronic tropical diseases (trypanosomiasis, hookworm disease, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and leishmaniasis), ergotism and milk sickness, deficiency diseases (scurvy, pellagra, beriberi, and rickets), endocrine diseases (goiter, diabetes), cancer, rheumatic diseases, mental diseases, and allergies. Thirteen maps and charts are included. "Originally published in German, 1963" (Garrison-Morton 1685.1).

RA651 .G48
Gill, Clifford Allchin. The Genesis of Epidemics and the Natural History of Disease: An Introduction to the Science of Epidemiology Based Upon the Study of Epidemics of Malaria, Influenza, & Plague. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1928.
Description: xxvi, 550 p. tables, diagrs., charts (1 fold.) 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Epidemics; Malaria; Influenza; Plague; Diseases — Causes and theories of causation

Gill was Director of Health in Punjab, India. His thorough scholarly treatment of epidemics in general and malaria, influenza, and plague in particular emphasizes natural history, etiologies, prevalence, and symptoms. Extensive statistics on colonial India are provided, but he barely brushes on treatment and prevention. Many charts and maps are also included.

R148 .H4 1802a
Heberden, William. Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases. New York: Hafner, 1962.
Description: 483 p. 21 cm
Series: The History of Medicine Series, no. 18
Note(s): "Facsimile of the London 1802 edition"
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Early works to 1800; Medicine — Practice

This reprint of the English translation of Commentarii de Morborum Historia et Curatione was "published by Heberden's son and at once acquired a European reputation; '[it] had the distinction of being the last important medical treatise written in Latin' (Rolleston)" (Garrison-Morton, p. 285). It contains detailed descriptions of the symptoms and treatment, as well as etiology of, about 100 different illnesses, ranging from scarlet fever to drunkenness to smallpox to madness.

RA792 .H413 1966
Henschen, Folke. The History and Geography of Diseases. Translated by Joan Tate. New York: Delacorte Press, 1966.
Edition: [1st American ed.]
Description: xiii, 344 p. illus., maps, ports. 24 cm
Note(s): Translation of Sjukdomarnas Historia Och Geografi (Swedish)
LC Subject(s): Medical geography; Medicine — History

Henschen's description of diseases is divided into categories of infectious and non-infectious, the latter organized by affected areas of the body. Included are historical contexts, etiologies, descriptions of symptoms (often with pictures), and sometimes statistics on affected groups. Treatments are not usually emphasized. Many reproduced drawings, from ancient to modern times, and photographs of people with diseases are included. Lengthier descriptions are reserved for diseases with important historical consequences. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 42, p. 282.

R702 .M27 1958
Major, Ralph Hermon. Disease and Destiny. Logan Clendening. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1958.
Description: 49 p. illus. 22 cm
Series: Logan Clendening Lectures on the History and Philosophy of Medicine, 8th series
LC Subject(s): Clendening, Logan, 1884-1945; Medicine — History

The first part of the book considers the impact of diseases on Western history (e.g., plague in the Peloponnesian War, Black Death, Lenin's paresis). The second part is a biography of Logan Clendening, a University of Kansas doctor who emphasized physical diagnoses and keenly studied the relationship of history and disease. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 34, p. 191.

RA792 .P75
Poincaré, Léon. Prophylaxie et Géographie Médicale des Principales Maladies Tributaires de l'Hygiène. Paris: G. Masson, 1884.
Description: 500 p.: col. maps; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medical geography; Public health; Epidemics

Poincaré's history and medical geography of diseases (in French) begins with general considerations of malarial diseases before turning to typhoid fever, relapsing fever, typhus fever, intermittent fever, smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera, yellow fever, and plague. The second part of the book considers sicknesses related to diet: ergotism, pellagra, Trichinosis, alcoholism, scurvy, kidney stones, and gout. The final section covers meteoric diseases: pneumonia, influenza, dysentery, and hepatitis.

R708 .S59 c.2
Sigerist, Henry Ernest. Civilization and Disease. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1943.
Description: xi, [1], 255 p. plates, ports., map, facsim. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Medicine and art; Medicine — Philosophy

Sigerist examines in turn how disease, particularly in Europe and the United States, has historically affected civilization. He begins by tying living conditions to the genesis and spread of disease then includes chapters on disease and economics, law, history, religion, philosophy, science, art, and literature. Included are 52 illustrations, art works, and photographs. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 16, p. 328.

R135 .S82 c.2
Steuer, Robert Otto, and John Bertrand de Cusance Morant Saunders. Ancient Egyptian & Cnidian Medicine: The Relationship of Their Aetiological Concepts of Disease. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.
Description: 90 p. illus. 20 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine, Egyptian; Medicine, Greek and Roman; Cnidian school

Drawing primarily on ancient Egyptian papyri and works of Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen, Steuer and Saunders demonstrate a link between the Egyptian concept of whdw, "a basic aetiological principle . . . adherent to the fecal content of the bowel" (p. 3), and the Greek concept of perittoma. They thus argue that Egyptian theories of disease etiology were appropriated by the Cnidians, Greek physicians in Asia Minor. Extensive quotes are provided in Greek and Egyptian. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35, p. 281.

RA424 .W52 c.2
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory. Man and Epidemics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952.
Description: 246 p. illus. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Public health — History; Sanitation; Epidemics — History

Chapter 1, "The Evolution of the Public Health Program," includes a brief overview of historical views on the causes of diseases, from ancient theories to recent advances in germ theory and health education. Chapter 2, "Objectives and Approaches," profiles efforts to contain a particular epidemic disease: typhoid fever. Chapter 3, "The Problem of Pure Water," considers water supply issues and purification methods. Chapter 4, "Disposal of Human Wastes," considers sewage policies. Chapter 5 turns to "Milk Supply," and Chapter 6 covers other "Sanitary Problems of Food Supply." Chapter 7 turns to "Insects and the Transmission of Disease," particularly malaria and yellow fever. Chapter 8, "Scourges of the Past," discusses plague, typhus fever, and other Rickettsial diseases. Chapter 9, "Challenges of the Future," concludes with tropical diseases, the relationship of poverty to disease, and international programs for sanitation.
 

14A. History of Infectious Diseases-Cholera

RC126 .B47
Benson, John Alfred. Asiatic Cholera: Its Genesis, Etiological Factors, Clinical History, Pathology, and Treatment. Chicago: J. Harrison White Co., 1893.
Description: 248 p. incl. front., illus. fold. pl. 20 cm
LC Subject(s): Cholera

Benson's detailed lectures on cholera include (as the title indicates) its etiology, effects, and treatments. In addition to biological information, historical contexts are often provided, as well as some moralizing. Highlighted epidemics include those of 1629, 1817, 1882, and 1892 in the United States and Europe, as well as in India and the South Pacific (as transmission routes). Attention is given to landscaping (e.g., drainage), public-health policies, and the efficacy of various drugs and of immunization.

RC131.A3 C5 c.2
Chambers, John Sharpe. The Conquest of Cholera: America's Greatest Scourge. New York: Macmillan, 1938.
Description: xiv p., 1 l., 366 p. front., plates, ports., maps, 2 facsim. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Cholera — United States

Chambers begins by providing a broad historical context of Western medicine, with particular note of Sydenham's linking malaria to cholera. He then tracks the arrival of cholera in New England in 1832 and its spread throughout Canada and the United States, noting especially nineteenth-century living conditions of European immigrants as a cause. Discussion of cholera during the Black Hawk War includes quotes from letters and reports of U.S. soldiers but ignores Native American perspectives and information. The spread of cholera through the lower Mississippi Valley is traced through slave-auction river routes, and the importance of medical advances like the microscope and focused public-health policies are considered. Chambers describes cholera in the 1849 California Gold Rush as well as outbreaks in 1866 and 1873. Many photographs and illustrations are included.

RC133.G6 D87 1979
Durey, Michael. The Return of the Plague: British Society and the Cholera 1831–2. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1979.
Description: 269 p.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Cholera — Great Britain — History — 19th century; Public health — Great Britain — History — 19th century; Social medicine — Great Britain — History — 19th century

Durey tracks the progress of the 1831–1832 cholera epidemic in England, with particular attention given to institutional and public responses, the latter organized by class and region. He emphasizes public hygiene, practical measures taken locally to accommodate the sick and the dying, and attempted treatments (e.g., bloodletting, calomel and opium). Several chapters are on social and political reactions of the British people. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 55, p. 291.
 

14B. History of Infectious Diseases-Malaria
see also Gill in History of Medicine, general
see also Brumpt in History of Infectious Diseases—Other
see also History of Pharmacy (on cinchona)

RC161.A1 A6
Ackerknecht, Erwin Heinz. Malaria in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1760–1900. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1945.
Description: vii, 142 p. incl. tables, diagrs. maps (part fold.) 25 cm
Series: Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Supplements; no. 4
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Mississippi River Valley

In his introduction, Ackerknecht considers shortcomings of malarial records and early theories as to the cause of the disease. Epidemiology from 1760–1900 is covered by state: Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and a small section on cases in other parts of the United States. The book contains reprinted Rand McNally maps of those five states, with population figures. The last half of the book covers various possible factors for the disappearance of malaria, including changes in landscape (e.g., drainage), structures, living conditions, and medicine (i.e., quinine). Included are contemporary quotes and statistical tables. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, p. 420.

R154.B17 A3
Barber, Marshall Albert. A Malariologist in Many Lands. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1946.
Description: 7 p. 1., [3]-158 p. plates, group port., map. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Malaria

This very readable, sometimes humorous account by Dr. Barber explains his efforts in the United States, Central America, the Philippines, Malaya, Fiji, equatorial Africa, Greek Macedonia, Turkey, Russia, Egypt, India, and Brazil to study and help prevent malaria. Proposed interventions include drainage, quinine, insecticides, and general improvements to human living conditions. Also included is a discussion of the difficulties in identifying parasites with precision. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 21, p. 634.

RC156 .B6
Boyd, Mark Frederick. An Introduction to Malariology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1930.
Description: xiv, 437 p. front., illus., 2 col. pl., maps (1 double) diagrs. 24 cm
Note(s): One colored plate accompanied by guard sheet with descriptive letterpress
LC Subject(s): Malaria; Malaria — Prevention; Mosquitoes

Boyd's social and biological history of malaria begins in antiquity and considers vectors of transmission, indications (e.g., enlarged spleen), prevalence, distribution, usefulness of malaria surveys among populations, and blood-smear techniques (with full-color pictures). A biological study of anopheles mosquitoes, with detailed drawings and instructions for conducting mosquito surveys, is also included.

RA644.M2 H37 1978
Harrison, Gordon A. Mosquitoes, Malaria and Man: A History of the Hostilities Since 1880. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1978.
Edition: 1st ed
Description: viii, 314 p.: ill.; 25 cm [line drawings by Wynne Brown]
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Prevention — History; Mosquitoes — Control — History; Malaria — Transmission; Mosquitoes as carriers of disease

Harrison, an environmental historian, describes "the war on mosquitoes [that] began in the high noon of the White man's empire, at the end of the nineteenth century" (p. 3). While acknowledging that malaria is of ancient origins, he focuses on the work of doctors like Laveran and Ross, who strove to understand the disease, which was socially constructed as an indigenous defense against European and American colonialism. He primarily considers malaria in Africa, India, and Panama but also mentions yellow fever. Biological discoveries and intervention policies (e.g., DDT, quinine, sanitation measures) are tracked, and photos of doctors and line drawings of the Anopheles mosquito are included.

RC164.P3 K6
Kligler, Israel Jacob. The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in Palestine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930.
Description: xv, 240 p. illus., maps (part fold.) diagr. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Palestine; Malaria — Prevention; Mosquitoes — Control

Kliger was director of the Department of Hygiene at Hebrew University. In this book, he describes the local geography of Palestine and documents socioeconomic and health conditions (with statistics) that bear on malaria control. Kligler also discusses the biology of Anopheles and incidence and etiology of malaria. He provides descriptions of preventive and control methods attempted and the results of these interventions. Included are figures, charts, maps, tables, and photos.

QM16.R3 A32 1952
Ramón y Cajal, Santiago. Mi Infancia y Juventud. 5th ed. Buenos Aires-México: Espasa-Calpe, 1952.
Description: 258 p.; 18 cm
Series: Colección Austral; 90
Note(s): Originally published as pt. 1 of the author's Recuerdos de Mi Vida
LC Subject(s): Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 1852-1934; Anatomists — Spain – Biography

This book, in Spanish, is an autobiography of Ramón y Cajal's early years, including his youth, his desire to be an artist, his training at medical school, and his being drafted into the Army. He was assigned to the Sanitary Corps and shipped to Cuba, where he contracted malaria (paludismo) and tuberculosis in the course of his work. (See also Cannon in the History of Anatomy section regarding Ramón y Cajal.)

RC156 .R84
Ross, Ronald, Sir. Memoirs, With a Full Account of the Great Malaria Problem and Its Solution. London: J. Murray, 1923.
Description: xi, 547 p. illus., XI pl. (incl. front., ports., facsim.) 23 cm
Note(s): Plate II double, accompanied by two pages of descriptive letterpress
Contents: pt. I. India.—pt. II. Malaria.—pt. III. The fight for life
LC Subject(s): Malaria; India — Description and travel

Sir Ronald Ross was the British bacteriologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1902 for discovering the malaria parasite in Anopheles mosquitoes. Ross begins his memoirs with accounts from his personal history, but most of the story revolves around his investigations in India of Anopheles mosquitoes. His successes and failures are recounted, as are those of other malariologists. He also challenges governments to implement the prevention and control measures that had to that point proven effective. Biology of Anopheles and epidemiology, prevalence, prevention, and treatment of malaria are described in detail. Photos of doctors and reproduced medical drawings that Ross published in journals are also included.

RC163.N4 S36
RC163.N4 S36 c.2
Schoo, H. J. M. Bekroond Antwoord op een Prijsvraag Over Malaria in Noord-Holland: Uitgeschreven Door de N.-H. Vereeniging "Het Witte Kruis." Haarlem, Netherlands: Bohn, 1905.
Description: xii, 361 p., 4 leaves of plates: ill. (some col.), map, ports.; 27 cm
Note(s): Added t.p.: Malaria in Noord-Holland
On spine: Malaria in Noord-Holland
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Netherlands; Malaria

Schoo provides (in Dutch) a thorough treatment of malaria as a disease affecting the Netherlands around the year 1900. The 20-page introduction contains photos of scientists who have contributed to understanding the disease. Pages 21–194 cover the biology of the parasite and infected individuals, including color pictures of blood cells under a microscope, drawings, and photos. Pages 197–249 document the malaria outbreak in Holland in 1901. Pages 253–339 discuss preventive methods.

RC165.A4 S4
Sergent, Edmond, and Étienne Sergent. Vingt-Cing Années d'Étude et de Prophylaxie du Paludisme en Algérie. Alger: Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 1928.
Description: 329 p.: ill.; 25 cm
Series: Archives / Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; t. 6, no. 2-3
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Algeria; Malaria — Prevention

Dr. Edmond Sergent was the director of the Pasteur Institute of Algeria, the foremost research institute in North Africa. This book (in French) documents French efforts in the early twentieth century to combat malaria in Algeria. Included are a brief comparison of tactics used in other French-controlled areas and many facsimiles of hand-drawn maps and landscapes, as well as photos, particularly of indigenous people receiving medication. The Sergents emphasize geography, drainage, quinine, and mosquito nets and include photographs of children with enlarged spleens and diagnostic diagrams of abdomens. An extensive annotated bibliography on malaria in French-controlled areas is provided.

RC162.P3 S5
Simmons, James Stevens. Malaria in Panama. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1939.
Description: xv p., 1 l., 326 p. illus., tables, diagrs., maps (2 fold.) 24 cm
Series: The American Journal of Hygiene. Monographic Series, no. 13, January, 1939
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Panama

This U.S. Army doctor's documentation of malaria in Panama recounts historical evidence from the sixteenth century onward. The bulk of the text describes the malarial incidence, mortality, distribution, and preventive measures undertaken during construction of the Panama Canal. Tables provide detailed statistics.

RC162.B9 S6 c.2
Soper, Fred Lowe, and D. Bruce Wilson. Anopheles Gambiae in Brazil, 1930 to 1940. New York: Rockefeller Foundation, 1943.
Description: xviii, 262 p. incl. front., illus. (incl. maps) tables, diagrs. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Brazil. Serviço de Malaria do Nordeste; Malaria — Brazil; Mosquitoes

The history of malarial epidemics in Brazil from 1930 to 1940 is documented here by the government's Malaria Service of the Northeast. A detailed description of the biology of Anopheles gambiae (the mosquito) is provided. The scope and spread of the disease as well as measures taken to bring the epidemic under control (only begun systematically in 1939) are explored. Maps, statistical tables, and about 50 photographs depicting people, landscapes, measures taken, and their effects are included.

RC156 .S78
Stephens, John Williams Watson. Blackwater Fever: A Historical Survey and Summary of Observations Made Over a Century. Liverpool, UK: University Press of Liverpool, 1937.
Description: xvi, 727, [1] p. front., (port.), pl. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Blackwater fever — History

Stephens collected medical observations of blackwater fever, now known to be a complication of malaria but in 1937 still not entirely understood. No narrative is provided, but only extensive data on symptoms and treatment methods, particularly using cinchona bark, which is processed to make quinine. Many tables are included as well as referenced case histories.

D807.U6 A52 v.6
United States Army Medical Service. Preventive Medicine in World War II: Volume 6. Communicable Diseases: Malaria. Editor in Chief, John Boyd Coates, Jr. Editor for Preventive Medicine, Ebbe Curtis Hoff. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1963.
Description: v. illus., diagrs. 26 cm
Gov pubs #: D 104.11:P 92
LC Subject(s): World War, 1939-1945 — Medical care

These are extremely detailed reports of malaria as a disease confronted by American troops in World War II (at home and in Brazil, the Caribbean, Mediterranean, Africa, Middle East, Asia, and Pacific islands). Patterns of outbreaks are documented, as are methods of prevention and treatment. Problems with malaria in previous wars are also briefly mentioned. Organized geographically, the report contains 32 maps, 26 charts, 80 tables, and 63 illustrations (including photographs and educational cartoons) and emphasizes procedures and statistics.

RC157 .W3 c.2
Warshaw, Leon J. Malaria, the Biography of a Killer. New York: Rinehart, 1949.
Description: viii, 348 p. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Malaria

Warshaw's readable history of malaria, with several chapters on its importance in ancient to early modern societies, also discusses modern advances from Laveran to Ross to Watson. He documents symptoms; changing theories as to causes; and efforts at prevention, control, and eradication using DDT, nets, repellants, quinine, and inoculation. The chapter on World War II describes the education campaigns to warn against "Malaria Moe" and "Anopheles Ann."

RC164.M2 W3 1921
Watson, Malcolm, Sir. The Prevention of Malaria in the Federated Malay States: A Record of Twenty Years' Progress. 2nd ed. London: J. Murray, 1921.
Edition: 2d ed., rev. and enl
Description: xxvi, 381 p., [44] leaves of plates: ill.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Malaria — Prevention — Malaya; Insects as carriers of disease

Watson was the British Chief Medical Officer in Klang, Malaysia. He documents British efforts to combat malaria in the Federated Malay States from 1900–1920, with emphasis on drainage techniques, (in)effectiveness of quinine, and effects on the population. He also notes geographical differences of affected areas and provides maps, statistical tables, and many photographs.
 

14C. History of Infectious Diseases-Plague
see also Gill in History of Medicine, General
see also U.S. Army Medical Service in History of Infectious Diseases—Other

RC178.G7 L6 1951 c.2
Bell, Walter George. The Great Plague in London in 1665. Rev. ed. London: Bodley Head, 1951.
Description: xiii, 361 p. illus., ports., fold. map. 22 cm
Note(s): "with 40 illus. comprising contemporary prints, plans and drawings"
LC Subject(s): Plague — London — 1665

Bell attempts to provide a more historically useful account of the 1665 London plague to counterbalance Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year (also in this collection). This volume is thorough and well cited, with a map showing geographical distribution of plague in the city, mortality lists, a pictorial broadside, and many photos and charts. Emphasis is placed on public and administrative reactions to the plague.

BX4705.M7254 C3
Caraman, Philip. Henry Morse, Priest of the Plague. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1957.
Description: xi, 201 p. illus. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Morse, Henry, 1595-1645

This biography is of Henry Morse, a priest who attended plague victims in the 1630s London suburb of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. Included are detailed descriptions of the plague's perceived causes, attempted treatments, and especially reactions of the public and of medical and civil authorities.

PR3404 .J6 1893
Defoe, Daniel. A Journal of the Plague Year: Being Observations or Memorials of the Most Remarkable Occurrences As Well Publick as Private, Which Happened in London During the Last Great Visitation in 1665. ... London: G. Routledge, 1893.
Description: viii, 315 p. 20 cm
Series: Morley's Universal Library, 8
LC Subject(s): Plague — London — 1665

Defoe's historical novel, originally published in 1722, vividly reconstructs the events of the plague that ravaged London in 1665, a year before the Great Fire. Although Defoe published the book as if it were a factual account by an observer, he was only a young child in 1665. Drawing on accounts by survivors, however, he created detailed descriptions of the disease and public reactions to it.

RC176.W32 S47
Fricks, Lunsford Dickson. Review of Plague in Seattle (1907) and Subsequent Rat and Flea Surveys. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1936.
Description: 1 p. l., 28 p. incl. tables. 23 cm
Series: U.S. Public Health Service. Public Health Bulletin, no. 232
LC Subject(s): Plague — Washington (State) — Seattle; Rats as carriers of disease; Fleas as carriers of disease

Fricks covers the incidence of plague in Seattle in 1907, explaining the symptoms (in detail) of the victims, quoting the city ordinances passed "for the purpose of improving the sanitary conditions within the city and thereby combating the plague" (p. 8), and listing other public measures taken (e.g., killing plague-infected rats).

RC177.C4 G3
Gallinatto Rodriguez, Valentin. Contribución al Estudio de la Epidemiología de la Peste Bubónica en Chile: Memoria de Prueba para Optar al Título de Médico-Cirujano de la Universidad de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Cisneros, 1930.
Description: 84 p.: ill.; 27 cm
Note(s): Author's autograph presentation copy
LC Subject(s): Plague — Chile

This report on the plague in Chile (in Spanish) begins with an introductory chapter, "La Peste en America," on plague in other South American countries in the early twentieth century, particularly the epidemic of 1925. Etiology, morbidity rates, public health conditions, numbers of infected rats caught, inoculation efforts, and study of the flea are considered. SDSU is the only library that WorldCat lists as holding this item as of 2003.

R602 .C55 1930
Lien-Teh, Wu. (Ed.). Reports 1929-1930: Manchurian Plague Prevention Service. Harbin, China: The Service, 1931.
Description: v, 233 p., [37] leaves of plates (2 folded): ill. (some col.); 26 cm
Series: Service Report Series / Manchurian Plague Prevention Service; v. 7
LC Subject(s): China. Wei Sheng Shu. Tung-pei Fang I Ch`u; Medicine — China; Epidemiology — China — Manchuria; Communicable diseases

The report opens with 3 full-color plates of plague bacilli, then 21 photos of doctors and nurses. Included then are many selections reprinted from other sources. Most chapters are in English, but some are also in German and French (usually with English summaries following). The focus is on animal transmitters and treatment methods, but there are also chapters on opium and the general history of medicine in China, both before and after contact with European medicine. Details of specific plague outbreaks are given, and European clinics and Chinese hospitals are described. The illustrations include many photos, maps, charts, and tables.

RC176.A2 L5
Link, Vernon B. A History of Plague in the United States of America. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
Description: viii, 120 p. illus., maps, diagrs, tables. 27 cm
Series: U. S. Public Health Service. Publication no. 392. Public Health Monograph no. 26
LC Subject(s): Plague — United States — History

Link recounts plague in the twentieth century in San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, Los Angeles, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, with emphasis on institutional responses to the threat and statistics on human and animal plague in the United States. Included are many photographs of buildings and people who studied or combated the plague (e.g., fumigating crews).

RC178.G7 L77 1832b
Scott, John. Narratives of Two Families Exposed to the Great Plague of London, A.D. 1665: With Conversations on Religious Preparation for Pestilence. 2nd ed. London: R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside, 1832.
Description: xii, 178 p.; 18 cm
LC Subject(s): Plague — England — London

Scott's book is an abridged reprint of a work published anonymously in London, 1722, as Due Preparation for the Plague, As Well for Soul as Body. The first part recounts measures taken by one family who stayed in London during the 1665 plague as well as their observations of what took place around them. The second part relates conversations within another family who stayed as to how they should cope with the plague.
 

14D. History of Infectious Diseases-Yellow Fever
see also Eckstein in History of Medicine, Asia
see also U.S. Army Medical Service in History of Infectious Diseases—Other

RC207 .C3
Carter, Henry Rose. Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of Its Place of Origin. Edited by Laura Armistead Carter and Wade Hampton Frost. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1931.
Description: xii, 308 p.; 24 cm
Note(s): On cover: "The Early History of Yellow Fever"
LC Subject(s): Yellow Fever — History

Part I covers the epidemiology of yellow fever (i.e., its etiology and geographical distribution). Part II highlights why other diseases (e.g., plague, malaria) have historically been confused with yellow fever. Part III, comprising about two thirds of the book, examines records of yellow fever in Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa (including islands off the coast) to explore the ultimate origin of the disease. Historical contexts are provided, and contemporary sources (usually by European colonists) are quoted.

R154.R3 H5
Hill, Ralph Nading. The Doctors Who Conquered Yellow Fever. New York: Random House, 1957.
Description: 180 p. illus. 22 cm
Series: Landmark Books, 78
LC Subject(s): Reed, Walter, 1851-1902; Yellow fever

This book, written for middle-school students, relates the story of Walter Reed, of his medical training, commission as a surgeon in the Army Medical Corps, appointment to the Army Medical School, and work with other physicians to prove that mosquitoes transmitted yellow fever.

RC211.T3 K2
Keating, John McLeod. A History of the Yellow Fever. The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878, in Memphis, Tenn., Embracing a Complete List of the Dead, the Names of the Doctors and Nurses Employed, Names of All Who Contributed Money or Means, and the Names and History of the Howards, Together With Other Data, and Lists of the Dead Elsewhere. Memphis, TN: Printed for the Howard Association, 1879.
Description: 454 p. 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Howard Association, Memphis, Tenn; Yellow fever — Tennessee — Memphis — 1878; Yellow fever

Keating's detailed history of yellow fever covers the possible origin and causes (such as climate) of the disease as well as diagnosis and treatment. A chronology of epidemics and mortality statistics in various parts of the world are also provided. The Memphis epidemic of 1878 is then thoroughly described. Keating includes comments on climate, public health conditions, sanitation, and institutional responses of doctors, priests, and the government. Symptoms are described, as are public reactions (i.e., panic). Stories of individuals are included, as indicated in the book's title. Quarantine and sanitation measures that were enacted are explained.

RC211.P5 P6 1949
Powell, John Harvey. Bring Out Your Dead: The Great Plague of Yellow Fever in Philadelphia in 1793. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.
Description: xi, 304 p. ports., map (on lining papers) 23 cm
Note(s): Autograph presentation copy
LC Subject(s): Rush, Benjamin, 1745-1813; Yellow fever — Pennsylvania — Philadelphia

Powell's study of the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia relates Dr. Benjamin Rush's diagnosis; symptoms observed; public reactions, including speculations as to its origins, preventive measures, and treatments (e.g., mercury, bleedings) undertaken; efforts by doctors, hospitals, and the government; and reaction in other cities to the threat. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 28, p. 495.

RC210 .W4
Webster, Noah. Noah Webster: Letters on Yellow Fever Addressed to Dr. William Currie. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1947.
Description: vi, 110 p. port. 26 cm
Series: Supplements to the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, no. 9
LC Subject(s): Yellow fever

The introduction by Benjamin Spector includes a biography of Webster, general comments on the nature of epidemic diseases, and background on the letters, which were published in 1797 in the Commercial Advertiser. In these letters, Webster describes historical and current (as of the late eighteenth century) theories on the nature of yellow fever and other epidemics, then challenges Dr. Currie's opinions as to the causes and appropriate public responses to the disease. Webster focuses on issues of climate and public sanitation. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 22, p. 494.
 

14E. History of Infectious Diseases-Others

R154.A77 A3 1934
Ashford, Bailey Kelly. A Soldier in Science: The Autobiography of Bailey K. Ashford. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1934.
Description: vi, 425 p., [11] leaves of plates: ill., ports.; 23 cm
Note(s): Illustrations on lining-papers
LC Subject(s): Ashford, Bailey K. (Bailey Kelly), 1873-1934; Physicians — Biography

In the preface, Ashford is noted as "discoverer of uncinariasis, the hookworm disease, in American territory, and as director of the first mass campaign against its inroads" (p. v). Ashford discusses his service in the Army Medical Corps in Louisiana and Puerto Rico, where he studied cases of anemia and hookworm in particular. He also speaks of his friendship with prominent figures like Walter Reed and Ulysses Grant, who encouraged his work. He describes his Institute of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene in Puerto Rico and his work at a similar institute in Brazil. The final chapter documents his military (nonmedical) service in Langres, France in World War I. Photographs show Ashford with patients and fellow soldiers and his medical facilities.

R154.W29 B55
Blake, John Ballard. Benjamin Waterhouse and the Introduction of Vaccination: A Reappraisal. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957.
Description: 95 p. [1] leaf of plate. illus. 21 cm
Series: Yale University Department of the History of Medicine Monograph Series, no. 33
LC Subject(s): Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846; Smallpox — Vaccination

"In July, 1800, Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse . . . introduced vaccination against smallpox in the United States. . . . With few exceptions, historians have portrayed him as a selfless medical hero conferring great benefits upon mankind although hampered at every step by public prejudice and jealous professional colleagues. However, Blake shows that . . . his motivation was strongly mercenary, that his actions were unethical, and his statements often deceitful" (inside jacket cover). Blake documents the work of other doctors and traces their correspondence with Waterhouse. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 32, p. 184.

R507.B75 A3 1907b
Brumpt, Émile. Titres et Travaux Scientifiques du Dr. Émile Brumpt. [Paris: s.n.], 1919.
Description: 36 p.; 25 cm. + 1 suppl. (26 p.; 25 cm.)
Note(s): At head of title: Concours d'Agrégation des Facultés de Médecine. Section des Sciences Anatomiques et Physiologiques; "Supplément" has imprint: Paris: Impr. de la Cour d'Appel, 1919; Autograph presentation copy, with suppl. bound in
LC Subject(s): Brumpt, Émile, 1877-; Physicians — France — Biography

This full curriculum vita (in French) of Dr. Émile Brumpt, who studied parasitic diseases, includes descriptions of fieldwork ("Missions Scientifiques") on malaria in the Congo and in Brazil. An annotated bibliography of publications covering topics like malaria, trypanosomiasis, and yellow fever is included.

R653.K4 C37 1976
Carman, John Ambrose. A Medical History of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya: A Personal Memoir. London: Rex Collings, 1976.
Description: [5], 110 p., [4] p. of plates: ill.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Carman, John Ambrose; Medicine — Kenya — History; Anesthesiologists — England — Biography

Carman begins with a brief history of foreign contacts through the centuries with Kenya, particularly its status as a British colony in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (He arrived in Kenya in 1926 to join the Medical Service.) He describes the local medical facilities; the heavy toll of tropical infectious diseases like malaria, plague, and sleeping sickness; and the efficacy of accommodating indigenous beliefs while practicing Western medicine on native peoples.

RC150.4 .C64 1974
Collier, Richard. The Plague of the Spanish Lady: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919. New York: Atheneum, 1974.
Edition: 1st American edition
Description: 376 p., [4] leaves of plates: ill.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Influenza — History

This account of the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 that killed 20 million people is written as a series of personal stories of individuals around the world who responded to the deadly sickness. In 14 photographs and cartoon drawings, public perceptions of and accommodations to the disease are shown. The epilogue presents facts of the flu's etiology, prevalence, mortality, and treatment methods used. The Norland Collection also holds a London printing (by Macmillan) of this book, which is identical in content to the American printing.

RC310 .C8
Cummins, Stevenson Lyle. Tuberculosis in History, From the 17th Century to Our Own Times. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1949.
Description: xvi, 205 p., 23 cm
Note(s): Many of these papers read originally before the Historical Section of the Royal Society of Medicine
LC Subject(s): Tuberculosis — History; Physicians — Biography

Cummins provides biographies of 17 physicians who contributed to the study of tuberculosis: Christopher Bennet, Thomas Willis, Thomas Sydenham, Richard Morton, Benjamin Marten, William Stark, James Carson, George Bodington, William Budd, Leopold Auenbrugger, Jean Nicholas Corvisart, Gaspard Laurent Bayle, René Théophile Laënnec, Pierre Adolphe Piorry, Jean-Antoine Villemin, Edward Livingston Trudeau, and Robert Koch. The photographs listed after the table of contents are not in the book.

RC201.4 .D4 c.2
Dennie, Charles Clayton. A History of Syphilis. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1962.
Description: 137p. illus. 24 cm
Series: American Lecture Series, Publication no. 491. A Monograph in American Lectures in Dermatology
LC Subject(s): Syphilis — History

The first five chapters relate published descriptions of syphilis, particularly possible origins in the Americas, spread through Europe, symptoms, preventive methods, and treatments, all given with historical contexts. After these historical accounts, Chapters 6 through 10 provide twentieth-century theories on the epidemiology of syphilis, including descriptions of important physicians' contributions and of the effects of various treatments, including malarial therapy and penicillin. Illustrations are facsimiles of title pages from influential books. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 37, p. 297.

R493.B8 G57 1970
Glemser, Bernard. Mr. Burkitt and Africa. New York: World, 1970.
Description: xii, 236 p.: ill., ports.; 21 cm
LC Subject(s): Burkitt, D. P. (Denis P.); Burkitt's lymphoma

Glemser's biography of Denis Burkitt relates how the Irish surgeon was sent to Africa during World War II and would there eventually diagnose and cure (in many cases) what is now known as Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition to cancer, "the people were debilitated by chronic malaria, by hookworms, and by all the other infections and parasites that afflict the African in the bush. They were highly susceptible to tuberculosis and meningitis. Most of them were anemic," (p. 45). Burkitt's observations, particularly after an extensive safari, led him to "venture into geographic pathology—the study of the manner in which disease is affected by climate and geographical location" (p. 45). A map shows the safari route taken by Burkitt, and 20 photographs show him, his colleagues and patients, and their medical work.

R131 .H58
Hoeppli, Reinhard. Parasites and Parasitic Infections in Early Medicine and Science. Singapore: University of Malaya Press, 1959.
Description: xiv, 526 p. illus., 23 plates. 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — History; Parasitology — History; Medicine, Chinese

Hoeppli's collection of essays, many originally published elsewhere, deals with parasites and parasitic diseases in Chinese history. Included are general discussions of historical theories and knowledge of parasite origin (e.g., spontaneous generation theory), behavior, and ascribed pathogenicity as well as beneficial effects. Treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases in general are also covered. Part Two deals specifically with malaria, dysentery, leeches, anthelmintic prescriptions, scabies, phthiriasis, and religious interpretations in Chinese history. Part Three discusses Western advances in parasitology from the mid-seventeenth century. Included in 23 plates are early illustrations of parasites, drawings, and photographs of people with parasitic diseases. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35, p. 181.

R489.M35 M32
Manson-Bahr, Philip Henry, Sir. Patrick Manson, the Father of Tropical Medicine. London: Nelson, 1962.
Description: viii, 192 p. illus., ports. 21 cm
Series: British Men of Science
LC Subject(s): Manson, Patrick, Sir, 1844-1922; Tropical medicine

This biography of Patrick Manson (by his son-in-law) is more concise and uses less technical language than the earlier volume, The Life and Work of Sir Patrick Manson (see next entry). Manson's early work in China on diseases like filariasis, sleeping sickness, and malaria are covered, as are his later contributions from London, his mosquito-malaria theory and co-founding the London School of Tropical Medicine. There are 31 illustrations.

R489.M35 M3
Manson-Bahr, Philip Henry, Sir, and A. Alcock. The Life and Work of Sir Patrick Manson. London: Cassell and Company, 1927.
Description: ix, 273, [1] p. XII pl. (incl. front., ports.) 22 cm With 12 half-tone plates
Note(s): Plate X has guard sheet with descriptive letterpress
LC Subject(s): Manson, Patrick, Sir, 1844-1922; Tropical medicine

Manson-Bahr and Alcock's biography considers both Manson's early work in China — his medical practice in Amoy at a missionary society hospital and his studies of diseases like filariasis, sleeping sickness, and malaria — and his later contributions from London — his mosquito-malaria theory and co-founding the London School of Tropical Medicine.

RC186.T82 M3 c.2
McKelvey, John J., Jr. Man Against Tsetse: Struggle for Africa. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1973.
Description: xvi, 306 p. illus. 21 cm
LC Subject(s): Trypanosomiasis — Africa; Tsetse-flies — Control — Africa

McKelvey describes the study (by Europeans and Americans) of tsetse flies in Africa and the attempts to eradicate them (primarily with insecticides like DDT) to prevent diseases like sleeping sickness that are caused by trypanosomes. Included are many photographs, drawings, maps, and a table listing species of trypanosomes with linked hosts, diseases caused, and geographical distribution. The book focuses on key discoveries by scientists and methods of attack on the tsetse, with some mention of epidemics. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 51, p. 310.

RL764.C8 P3 fo
Patton, Walter Scott. Preliminary Report on an Investigation Into the Etiology of Oriental Sore in Cambay. Calcutta, India: Superintendent Government Printing, 1912.
Description: 1 p. l., 3, 21, [1] p. 30 cm
Series: Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India. New ser., no. 50)
LC Subject(s): Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Bedbugs

This report by a doctor who studied certain "Oriental sores" in the city of Cambay for six months describes his experiments (not only on native people and animals but also on himself) to investigate the possible role of lice, mosquitoes, flies, and bed bugs as parasitic carriers. He argues that only bed bugs, Cimex rotundatus, spread the disease.

R489.S85 P3
Payne, Joseph Frank. Thomas Sydenham. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1900.
Description: xvi, 264 p. front. (port.) 20 cm
Series: Masters of Medicine
LC Subject(s): Sydenham, Thomas, 1624-1689

"Sydenham is one of the greatest figures in internal medicine, and has been called the 'Father of English Medicine.' His reputation rests on his first-hand accounts of such conditions as the malarial fevers of his times, gout, scarlatina, measles, etc." (Garrison-Morton, p. 10). This thorough biography considers Sydenham's own experiences as well as the broader historical trends in government, society, and medicine that shaped the man and his work. Included are details of his (and his family's) service in the English Civil War, his encounters with malaria and plague, his writings on fevers, his medical practice (e.g., treatment of smallpox), and his friendships with scientists like Robert Boyle and John Locke.

R489.S85 A2 1966 c.3
Sydenham, Thomas. Dr. Thomas Sydenham, 1624-1689: His Life and Original Writings. Edited by Kenneth Dewhurst. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.
Description: viii, 191 p. illus., facsims., map, port. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Early works to 1800

A description of Sydenham's historical importance is given in the previous entry. In this book, Dewhurst provides a 67-page biography before presenting a selection of Sydenham's medical writings and correspondence (in English with original spellings). The medical selections are "De Arte Medica or Ars Medica, 1669," "Anatomie, 1668," "Tussis," "Smallpox, 1669," "A Dysentery," "Febres Intercurrentes," "Pleurisie," "Febres Intermittentes," "Of the Four Constitutions," and "Theologia Rationalis."

D807.U6 A52 v.7
United States Army Medical Service. Preventive Medicine in World War II: Volume 7. Communicable Diseases: Arthropodborne Diseases Other Than Malaria. Editor in Chief, John Boyd Coates, Jr. Editor for Preventive Medicine, Ebbe Curtis Hoff. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1964.
Description: v. illus., diagrs. 26 cm
Gov pubs #: D 104.11:P 92
LC Subject(s): World War, 1939-1945 — Medical care

These extremely detailed reports on infectious diseases other than malaria confronted by American troops in World War II (at home and abroad) documents patterns of outbreaks as well as methods of prevention and treatment. (Malaria is considered in Volume 6, also in the collection.) Diseases in previous wars are briefly mentioned. Many maps, charts, tables, and photographs are included. Procedures and statistics are emphasized, and the reports are organized by diseases covered: encephalitis, bartonellosis, dengue, filariasis bancrofti, leishmaniasis, plague, relapsing fever, sandfly fever, typhus fevers, scrub typhus and scrub itch, rocky mountain spotted fever, and yellow fever.

RC138 .W6
Wood, William Barry. From Miasmas to Molecules. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.
Description: 100 p. illus., maps, ports., facsims. 21 cm
Series: Bampton Lectures in America, no. 13
LC Subject(s): Diphtheria; Physicians

Here the history of diphtheria is presented as a triumph of scientific progress. Chapter 1 first relates an eighteenth-century outbreak in New England, describing symptoms and colonists' perceptions of the disease as "an act of God" spread by "bad air" (p. 10), then provides an overview of contagious diseases from ancient through modern times. Chapter 2 follows modern investigations of bacilli under the microscope. Chapter 3 explains the biochemistry of the diphtheria bacillus—how and why it produces the toxin. Chapter 4 warns of an impending shortage of doctors and rise in health-care costs, both linked to changes in medicine as a discipline. There are 26 illustrations, photographs, and charts.

15. History of Medical Societies

QP1 .A533
American Physiological Society. History of the American Physiological Society Semicentennial, 1887-1937. Baltimore, MD: American Physiological Society, 1938.
Description: v, 228 p. incl. illus. (ports., facsims.) tables, diagr. 26 cm
Note(s): Includes portraits and biographical sketches of the original members and of the presidents of the society
LC Subject(s): Physiology — History; Physiologists; Physicians — United States

The history of the Society includes information about membership, officer positions, details of meetings, and the history of the American Journal of Physiology, the Society's journal. Sir William Osler was among the early members.

R35 .G7
Gray, James. History of the Royal Medical Society, 1737–1937. Edited by Douglas Guthrie. Edinburgh, UK: University Press, 1952.
Description: xi, 355 p. illus., port. 26 cm

Gray's history of the first 200 years of the Royal Medical Society is largely biographical in nature, covering such persons as William Withering, Benjamin Rush, Joseph Lister, Sir William Osler, Joseph Black, and Burke and Hare as it describes the activities and influence of the Society on the history of medicine. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 28, p. 293.

R35.R65 H3
Hartley, Harold, Sir, ed. The Royal Society: Its Origins and Founders. London: Royal Society, 1960.
Description: 275 p. illus. 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Royal Society (Great Britain)

The contributors offer biographies of the early prominent members of the Royal Society rather than of the Society itself (whose foundation is treated in the first two chapters). Separate chapters profile John Wilkins, John Wallis, Jonathan Goddard, Sir William Petty, Thomas Willis, Sir Christopher Wren, Laurence Rooke, Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke, William Viscount Brouncker, Sir Paul Neile, William Ball, Abraham Hill, Henry Oldenburg, Sir Kenelm Digby, William Croone, Elias Ashmole, John Evelyn, Sir Robert Moray, and Alexander Bruce.

R172.S2 J6 1950
Jones, Joseph Roy. Memories, Men and Medicine: A History of Medicine in Sacramento, California, With Biographies of the Founders of the Sacramento Society for Medical Improvement and a Few Contemporaries. Sacramento, CA: Sacramento Society for Medical Improvement, 1950.
Description: xvii, 505 p. illus., ports., facsim. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Sacramento Society for Medical Improvement; Medicine — California — Sacramento

Jones provides a detailed history of medicine in Sacramento from the California Gold Rush to the year 1949. Statistics and descriptions of medical practice and study are arranged chronologically in Part I. Part II covers the development of public health policies, city ordinances, the State Board of Health, hospitals, and also biographies of prominent physicians and officers of the Society. The 32 illustrations are mostly photographs of doctors and hospitals.

R15 .J652
Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 1930-1955: A Review of Activities. New York: 1955.
Description: xi, 174 p. illus. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation

This review of activities begins with the establishment of the Foundation (and its goals) and the importance of its conferences, which have dealt with topics ranging from biological antioxidants to problems of aging. Funding during World War II that bore on medical issues relative to national defense is then described. Other chapters detail contributions to medical education, community health, holistic medicine, the life cycle, mental health, and pure medical research.

R15.S43 R423 1958
Read, Jay Marion, and Mary E. Mathes. History of the San Francisco Medical Society. Volume I: 1850 to 1900. San Francisco: San Francisco Medical Society, 1958.
Description: ix, 190 p.: ill.; 29 cm
LC Subject(s): San Francisco Medical Society — History

Volume I covers the first 50 years of the San Francisco Medical Society (or, more accurately, the several early societies of that name). Topics include fees, hospitals, legislation, journalism, meetings, public dispensaries, ethics, the library, and medical progress in those years. Sixteen brief biographies of Society presidents and other prominent members are also presented. Illustrations include photographs of physicians, buildings, and documents.
 

16. History of Medical Schools
see also Lassek in History of Anatomy
see also Rae in History of Anatomy

R747 .P42 1869
Carson, Joseph. A History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, From Its Foundation in 1765. With Sketches of the Lives of Deceased Professors. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1869.
Description: xii, [17]-227 p. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): University of Pennsylvania. School of Medicine

Carson's history is not only "of the origin and progress of the School, and . . . of the lives of the eminent men who, by establishing its reputation and extending its usefulness, were identified with its history" (p. v) but also of the importance of the School to the wider community of Philadelphia and the history of medicine as a whole. Topics include the American Philosophical Society, the Pennsylvania Hospital, the contributions of John Fothergill, lectures of John Hunter, conferral of degrees, Benjamin Rush's appointment in chemistry, effects of the Revolutionary War, separation of obstetrics from anatomy, materia medica, natural sciences, surgery, and pharmacy. The beneficial influence of colleagues at the University of Edinburgh is also noted.

R747.R8 I7
Irons, Ernest Edward. The Story of Rush Medical College. Chicago: Board of Trustees of Rush Medical College, 1953.
Description: 82 p. illus., ports. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Rush Medical College — History

Irons traces the history of Rush Medical College from its founding by Daniel Brainard in 1843 to its centennial in 1942. Chapter 1, "The Growth of Medical Education," supplies the historical context of medical schools at that time. Chapter 2 is "Early Days and the Charter of Rush." Chapter 3, "Rush Medical College Opens." Chapter 4, "The Early Faculties." Chapter 5, "The Civil War Period." Chapter 6, "Rush and the County Hospital." Chapter 7, "Advances in Educational Requirements." Chapter 8, "Affiliation of Rush with the University of Chicago." Chapter 9, "Rush and the Presbyterian Hospital." Chapter 10 concludes with a look back at "The First Century of Rush." Legal documents pertaining to the school are provided in appendices.
 

17. History of Hospitals

RA988.L8 G83
Cameron, Hector Charles. Mr. Guy's Hospital, 1726–1948. London: Longmans, 1954.
Description: 520 p. illus. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Guy's Hospital

Cameron's thorough history of Mr. Guy's Hospital, one of many British voluntary hospitals founded in the early eighteenth century, proceeds chronologically from its founding by Thomas Guy (a biography is included) in 1726 through 1948. Early chapters provide the historical context of its founding and describe the hospital's layout, staff, medical school, and fluctuating levels of prosperity. Beginning with World War I, chapters are divided into activities of the hospital, the medical school, the dental school, and the nursing school. Appendices name officers and staff, and many illustrations show the buildings and staff.

RA986 .I85
Ives, Arthur Glendinning Loveless. British Hospitals. London: Collins, 1948.
Description: 49 p. illus. (part col.) 23 cm
Series: Britain in Pictures
LC Subject(s): Hospitals — Great Britain — History

Ives traces the history of British hospitals from medieval monastic infirmaries ("Christian Piety: The Mediæval Scene") to "The Royal Hospitals and the Dawn of Scientific Medicine" in the Renaissance to "The Voluntary Hospitals of the Eighteenth Century" and "1850—The Nightingale Era." When hospitals had been "released form their ancient handicaps by the threefold advance—in anæsthetics, in antiseptics and in nursing" (p. 37), the modern period commenced with "The Turn of the Century," "The Impact of Science Upon the Hospitals," and "The Assumption of Responsibility by the State." The 30 illustrations depict medical scenes from medieval manuscripts, modern hospitals, and medical staff.

RA988.L8 U535
Merrington, W. R. University College Hospital and Its Medical School: A History. London: Heinemann, 1976.
Description: xvii, 301 p., [8] leaves of plates: ill.; 24 cm
LC Subject(s): University College Hospital (London, England) — History; University of London. University College Hospital Medical School — History

Founded in 1834 in London, University College Hospital trained and hired such illustrious physicians as Joseph Lister, Sir Victor Horsley, and Wilfred Trotter. The chapters are "The Foundation of London University and the Medical Classes," "The Dispensary — The Need for a Hospital — The Hospital Opens," "Early Resignations, John Elliotson and mesmerism," "Operations Without Anaesthetics — Robert Liston," "The First Anaesthetic," "James Syme — Early Anaestheticists — Squire, Snow, Clover" "Joseph Lister and Antisepsis — Tragedies from Infection," "The Hospital Enlarges — Finances — Cholera — 'Evil Smells,'" "Sir John Blundell Maple Provides a New Teaching Hospital," "Victorian Surgeons," "Victorian Physicians," "A New Medical School and Nurses' Home — Sir Donald Currie," "Sir Victor Horsley, a Founder of Neurosurgery," "The Idea of Clinical Units — The Haldane Commission — World War I," "The Professorial Units — The Rockefeller Bequest," "The Growth of the Hospital and Visiting Governors' Reports," "Obstetrics," "The Royal Ear Hospital — The Private Patients' Wing," "The Clinical Professorial Units Are Established," "Wilfred Trotter," "World War II," "Sir Thomas Barlow and Sir Thomas Lewis," "Unis — Clinical Research — Metabolic Unit," "Special Departments I: Ophthalmology, Pathology," "Special Departments II: Psychiatry."

RA986 .W66 c.2
Woodward, John. To Do the Sick No Harm: A Study of the British Voluntary Hospital System to 1875. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974.
Description: xii, 221 p.; 23 cm
Series: International Library of Social Policy
LC Subject(s): Voluntary hospitals — Great Britain — History; Public health — Great Britain — History; Charities, Medical — Great Britain — History

The inside jacket sleeve describes this book well: an "examination of the extant hospital records, ranging from admissions registers to annual reports, and . . . an analysis of the contemporary literature. . . . The lack of medical treatment for the bulk of the population is emphasized, and the influence of the reformers on the foundation of the first voluntary hospitals in the beginning of the eighteenth century is assessed. Staffing and administrative procedures are studied as a prelude to examining the patients—their social background and physical and surgical complaints. Three important aspects of the hospitals' work, and their influence on the rate of mortality, are explored. They are admissions policy regarding fever cases, the nature and number of surgical cases, and the incidence of sepsis."

18. History of Medical Procedures (Surgery)

R489.H9 D6
Dobson, Jessie. John Hunter. Edinburgh, UK: E. & S. Livingstone, 1969.
Description: xvii, 361 p., 16 plates. illus., facsims., ports. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Hunter, John, 1728-1793; Surgery — history

Extensive quotations from John Hunter's publications and letters frame this biography of a "leading London surgeon, anatomist, physiologist and pathologist of outstanding merit, a masterly student of geology and natural history" (p. v). Topics include his childhood; London apprenticeship; army service in the Seven Years' War; appointments to the Royal Society, Company of Surgeons, and St. George's Hospital; friendship with Edward Jenner and marriage; museum plans; biological and surgical research; relationship with his brother William Hunter, also a distinguished surgeon; and medical reforms in the Army.

DA522.J3 A3
James, John Haddy. Surgeon James's Journal, 1815. Edited by Jane Vansittart. London: Cassell, 1964.
Description: xv, 175 p. illus., maps, ports. 22 cm
LC Subject(s): Waterloo (Belgium), Battle of, 1815 — Personal narratives; Paris (France) — Social life and customs — 19th century; Paris (France) — Description and travel

Vansittart offers the letters and journal entries of a British surgeon who served during the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Dr. James describes the actual battle conditions, particularly medical care (e.g., "hasty surgery," on page 35, gangrene, wounded sent to Brussels), as well as his observations later while in Paris (e.g., on French hospitals and medical schools).

R489.H9 K6 c.2
Kobler, John. The Reluctant Surgeon: A Biography of John Hunter. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.
Edition: [1st ed.]
Description: 359 p. 25 cm
LC Subject(s): Hunter, John, 1728-1793

In his biography of John Hunter, Kobler describes in great detail the historical context (such as the body-snatching industry for anatomists) and Hunter's interactions with his contemporaries, particularly his brother William (also a surgeon) and his students. The preface notes Hunter's contributions to surgery, dentistry, pathology, obstetrics, and zoology, among other fields. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica "what in Hunter's teaching was new to pathology and systematic surgery, or was rendered so by his mode of treatment, would be well-nigh . . . an epitome of all that he wrote on those subjects" (p. 10).

R154.H297 A28 c.2
Martin, Franklin Henry. Fifty Years of Medicine and Surgery: An Autobiographical Sketch. Chicago: The Surgical Publishing Company of Chicago, 1934.
Description: xxvii p., 1 l., 449 p. front., plates, ports., facsims. 22 cm
Note(s): "First edition."
LC Subject(s): Physicians — Biography

The title page continues: "With special reference to the organization and administration of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Clinical Congress, the American College of Surgeons, the Gorgas Memorial Institute, and the participation of the medical profession in the World War. Based on personal diary, professional writings, and digest of professional activities during fifty years." Martin notes not only his own activities but also those of significant contributors like Lister, Walter Reed, and the Mayo brothers. His history of the American College of Surgeons discusses efforts at hospital standardization, approval of equipment and instruments, and treatment methods. Photographs of many surgeons are included.

R489.H9 O6
Oppenheimer, Jane Marion. New Aspects of John and William Hunter: I. Everard Home and the Destruction of the John Hunter Manuscripts. II. William Hunter and His Contemporaries. New York: Henry Schuman, 1946.
Description: xviii, 188 p. ports., coat of arms, facsims. 22 cm
Series: Yale University. [School of Medicine] Yale Medical Library. Historical Library. Publication no. 12
LC Subject(s): Hunter, John, 1728-1793; Hunter, William, 1718-1783; Home, Everard, Sir, Baronet, 1756-1832

Oppenheimer notes "though John Hunter made no single outstanding discovery, as had his predecessor, William Harvey, he nevertheless established for all time the importance of inductive methods of investigation for the study of the biological sciences" (p. xii). His brother William Hunter was "an illustrious and influential obstetrician . . . [and] the instigator in Great Britain of modern and enlightened methods of anatomical teaching and investigation" (p. 109). As the title indicates, this book focuses on the burning of much of John Hunter's work by the executor of his estate and on William Hunter's interactions with David Hume and other colleagues. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 21, p. 126.

R507.P3 A3 1952 c.2
Paré, Ambroise. The Apologie and Treatise of Ambroise Paré, Containing the Voyages Made Into Divers Places, With Many of His Writings Upon Surgery. Edited by Geoffrey Keynes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
Description: xxii, [1], 227 p. illus., ports. 22 cm
Series: The Classics of Science
LC Subject(s): Surgeons — Correspondence, reminiscences, etc; Surgery — Early works to 1800

"Paré was the greatest of the army surgeons before Larrey. Born in poor circumstances, he became the most famous surgeon in France. He is particularly remembered for his abandonment of boiling oil and the cautery . . . and his invention of many new surgical instruments. He was the first to suggest that syphilis is a cause of aneurysm. He popularized the truss, introduced artificial limbs, and (in dentistry) re-implantation of the teeth" (Garrison-Morton, p. 758). This volume includes a biographical introduction and two sections of some of Paré's writings: accounts of voyages he made (from 1537–1564) and selections from his surgical writings (e.g., "What Chyrurgerie Is," "Of Wounds in Generall").

GT2470 .R44
Remondino, Peter Charles. History of Circumcision, From the Earliest Times to the Present. Moral and Physical Reasons for Its Performance. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1891.
Description: x, 346 p. front. 20 cm
Series: Physicians' and Students' Ready Reference Series, no. 11
Note(s): Author's pref., San Diego, 1891
LC Subject(s): Circumcision

Remondino is a physician who argues for the validity of this medical procedure. A thorough historical treatment considers the Americas, Africa, and Asia as well as Europe and includes religious as well as medical aspects. The dangers of diseases for the uncircumcised are highlighted. Other chapters consider related issues of infibulation, castration, eunuchism, and hermaphrodism.

According to the San Diego Historical Society, Dr. Remondino contracted malaria during the Civil War and in 1873 was persuaded to move to San Diego for its "healthful 'miasma free' air." As one of San Diego's most successful doctors of his time, he (with Dr. Thomas Stockton) opened the city's first private hospital, and he wrote extensively "promoting the healthful properties of the San Diego climate and advising invalids with pulmonary consumption (tuberculosis) to come to San Diego."

R487 .Y68 1979
Youngson, A. J. The Scientific Revolution in Victorian Medicine. London: Croom Helm, 1979.
Description: 237 p.; 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Medicine — Great Britain — History — 19th century; Surgery — Great Britain — History — 19th century; Medical innovations — Great Britain — History — 19th century

After an introductory chapter on "Medicine and Surgery in Early Victorian Britain," Youngson proceeds to describe several controversies that raged over new ideas in medicine. "The Advance in Anaesthesia" follows the experiments of Hooke, Priestley, and Lavoisier; Thomas Beddoes's advocacy for pneumatic medicine; Davy on nitrous oxide; acceptance of William Morton's inhalation anaesthesia, and Simpson's reaction from Edinburgh. (Simpson's career is detailed at length.) "The Fight for Chloroform" continues the focus on Simpson. "Germs, Inflammation and Antisepsis" discusses the work of Alexander Gordon, Joseph Lister, and Louis Pasteur. This book is reviewed in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 55, p. 462.
 

19. History of Dentistry

RK29 .K7 1910 v.1
RK29 .K7 1910 v.2
RK29 .K7 1910 v.3
Koch, Charles Rudolph Edward, ed. History of Dental Surgery. Ft. Wayne, IN: National Art Publishing Co., 1910.
Description: 3 v. illus., plates, ports., fold. table. 28 cm

Volume 1 has 678 pages and begins with a general history of dentistry from ancient Egypt to 1900, especially the work of Ambrose Paré, Pierre Fauchard, and John Hunter. The history of operative dentistry is organized by procedures (e.g., fillings, pulp treatment) and includes descriptions of instruments. Histories of dental prosthesis and of orthodontia are followed by review of dental journals and other relevant literature. A chapter on oral surgery is next, followed by dental education and dental schools. Various illustrations appear throughout. Volume 2 contains pages 679–1186 and begins with dental laws and legislation in the United States. The next section covers (national and state) dental societies in the United States and Canada, with brief mention of societies in other countries and of dental fraternities. Volume 3 is paginated separately (from 1–681) and comprises 108 biographies of "pioneer American dentists and their successors."

RK29 .R54 1992 fo
Ring, Malvin E. Dentistry: An Illustrated History. New York: Abradale Press/Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
Description: 319 p.: col. ill.; 34 cm
Note(s): Originally published: New York: Abrams, 1985
LC Subject(s): Dentistry — History; Dentistry — History — Pictorial works

Beginning in the pre-Columbian Americas and proceeding through the ancient Near East; medieval Europe, the Islamic World, and the Far East; to modern Europe and the United States, Ring's overview of the history of dentistry presents evidence of the study and treatment of the teeth. Prominent dentists are profiled, and the many large illustrations throughout include those of instruments, cartoons, advertisements, and photographs of people and places.
 

20. History of Pharmacy
see also Fisch in History of Medicine, Medieval Period (500–1500CE)
see also International Medical Congress in History of Microbiology

RS73.L48 C48 1960
Chang, Hui-chien. Li Shih-chen: Great Pharmacologist of Ancient China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1960.
Description: 67 p., [8] leaves of plates: ill.; 19 cm
LC Subject(s): Li, Shih-chen, 1518-1593; Pharmacologists — China — Biography

This biography of Li Shih-chen covers his personal life, medical training, medical practice, the nature of medical practice in sixteenth-century China (particularly the available literature and Li's conflicts with Taoist alchemists), and his Compendium of Materia Medica.

RS61 .C69 1988 fo
Cowen, David L., and William H. Helfand. Pharmacy: An Illustrated History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990.
Description: 272 p.: ill. (some col.); 34 cm
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — History

In this overview of the history of pharmacy from ancient times to the present (to 1990), broader historical trends (e.g., the influence of advances in chemistry, warfare), theories of treatment, types of shops (e.g., monastic, drug stores), training, legal requirements, literature, pharmacists themselves, public opinion, and the changing materia medica (including herbals, vitamins, vaccines, hormones, antibiotics, and other drugs) are considered. More than 300 illustrations, about half of which are in color, show people, places, and the relevant things (e.g., plants, instruments).

RS61 .G7
Grier, James. A History of Pharmacy. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1937.
Description: xi, 274 , [2] p. front., plates, port. 17 cm
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — History

Grier's textbook for medical students is divided into five parts. Part I provides an overview of the belief systems and nature of pharmacy in the ancient and medieval world. Part II describes herbal remedies and other drugs (belladonna, henbane, stramonium, mandragora, digitalis, ergot, nux vomica, ipecacuanha, opium, and cinchona), providing historical sketches as well as methods of preparation. Part III brings in the history of chemistry, with sections on alchemy, the Pharmacopœia, acids, salts, anaesthetics, and synthetic remedies. Part IV considers animal remedies (organotherapy), bacteriology, antiseptics, and chemotherapy. Part V describes poisons.

RS165.C3 J8
Jussieu, Joseph de. Description de l'Arbre a Quinquina: Mémoire Inédit de Joseph de Jussieu (1737). Paris: Société du Traitement des Quinquinas, 1936.
Description: 44 p.: ill.; 27 cm
LC Subject(s): Cinchona

Opening with a brief history of the French use of cinchona (from which quinine is processed) and a biographical sketch of Jussieu, this book then provides a French translation of Jussieu's Description, with facsimiles of the handwritten Latin manuscript affixed to facing pages. The parts of the tree are fully described before turning to its medicinal uses. Topics include its colors, properties, variations among species, crop harvesting methods, adulteration, and drug preparation methods.

RS61 .K73
Kremers, Edward, and George Urdang. History of Pharmacy: A Guide and a Survey. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947.
Description: ix, 324 p., 1 l., 325-466 p. front., illus., plates, ports., facsims. 24 cm
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — History

This textbook begins with a brief section on pharmacy in the ancient world and medieval Europe before turning to a more thorough examination of the development of the profession in modern European countries and in the United States. The American chapters cover pharmacy associations, legislation, education, literature, and economic structures. The final section identifies "Discoveries, Inventions, and Other Contributions to Society by Pharmacists." A bibliography, chronology, and glossary are included.

RS67.G7 M3
Matthews, Leslie G. History of Pharmacy in Britain. Edinburgh, UK: E. & S. Livingstone, 1962.
Description: xiv, 427 p. illus., xxxvii pl., ports. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — Great Britain — History

Written for students of both the history of medicine and medicine itself, this book traces the evolution of pharmacy in Great Britain from the Roman period to the present (to 1962). The chapters are "The Administration of Drugs from the Roman to the Medieval Period," "The Beginning of Specialisation" (e.g., gilds, apothecaries), "Chemical Medicines, Formularies, and Pharmacopoeias," "The Parting of the Ways — Further Specialisation" (on activities of apothecaries, chemists, and druggists versus physicians), "The Pharmacist — His Education, Training and Public Service," "Makers of Modern Pharmacy" (men like Nicolas Le Fevre and James Grier and companies like Burroughs Wellcome), "The Pharmacy and Its Equipment," "The Newer Remedies" (e.g., antibiotics, anticancer drugs), "The Increased Protection of the Public" (i.e., legislation), and "the Future of Pharmacy." The 37 illustrations are dispersed throughout the text.

RS165.C5 M8 1974
Mortimer, William Golden. History of Coca: "The Divine Plant" of the Incas. San Francisco: And/Or Press, 1974.
Edition: Fitz Hugh Ludlow Memorial Library edition
Description: xxxi, 576 p.: ill.; 22 cm
Note(s): Reprint. Originally published: New York: J.H. Vail, 1901; "Complete and unabridged."
LC Subject(s): Coca — History; Cocaine — History; Coca — Peru — History; Incas — History

Michael Horowitz writes in the editor's preface: "So entwined is the history of the coca plant with that of the Incan race that he [Mortimer] devoted fully half his work to a descriptive analysis of their civilization from ancient days to the 16th century Spanish Conquest down to the present. . . . The second half of the book is devoted to scientific accounts of the plant itself, botanical and chemical analyses, and the results of medical experimentation. The therapeutic value of coca and its preparations is discussed at great length" (p. vii).

RS61 .P48 1902
Peters, Hermann. Pictorial History of Ancient Pharmacy; With Sketches of Early Medical Practice. 3rd ed. Translated and revised by William Netter. Chicago: G.P. Engelhard, 1902.
Description: xiv, 210 p. illus. 23 cm
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — History

This translation of Aus Pharmazeutischer Vorzeit in Bild und Wort (1886), edited and expanded by Netter, draws heavily on mythology and religion for the ancient and medieval periods, then on scientific advances for the early modern period. Peters covers education and training, legislation, conflicts with other medical practitioners, drugstores, prominent pharmacists, materia medica, instruments and equipment, superstition, and alchemy. Illustrations appear throughout the text.

RS165.C3 P768 1931
Proceedings of the Celebration of the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the First Recognized Use of Cinchona, Held at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, October 31–November 1, 1930. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden, 1931.
Description: 2 p. leaves, 258 p. 7 pl. (incl. port) on 5 leaves 26 cm
LC Subject(s): Cinchona — History — Congresses

The presentations include "The Chemistry of Cinchona Historically Considered" by Edward Kremers, "The Medicinal Use of Cinchona" by George Dock, "Dr. John Sappington, Pioneer in the Use of Quinine in the Mississippi Valley" by Robert J. Terry, "Cinchona Culture in Java: Its History and Development" by M. Kerbosch, "The Pharmaceutical Preparations of Cinchona" by Wilbur L. Scoville, "The Minor Alkaloids of Cinchona Bark" by Frederic Rosengarten, "The Cinchona Alkaloids in Medical Science: And Especially the Quinine-Malaria Reaction as a Touchstone of Chemo-Therapy" by Torald Sollmann, and "The Role of Quinine in the Cure of Malaria" by Kenneth F. Maxcy.

R489.W78 R6
Roddis, Louis Harry. William Withering: The Introduction of Digitalis Into Medical Practice. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1936.
Description: xi, 131 p. incl. illus. (facsims.) plates, 2 port. (incl. front.) 20 cm
Note(s): "Reprinted with additions and corrections, from Annals of Medical History (new series, Vol. VIII, nos. 2 and 3, March and May, 1936)"
LC Subject(s): Digitalis (Drug); Medicine — Practice

Roddis not only covers Withering's promotion of digitalis, extracted from foxglove, as a diuretic and for the heart but also describes his education and medical practice as well as his interests in botany, meteorology, and mineralogy. Withering's notes on tuberculosis, from which he suffered, are also highlighted.

RS67.G3 S75 1961
Stafski, Heinz. Aus Alten Apotheken. 3rd ed. Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1961.
Description: 47, [1] p., [24] leaves of plates: ill. (some col.); 21 cm
Series: Bibliothek des Germanischen National-Museums zur Deutschen Kunst-und Kulturgeschichte; Bd. 1; Bilder aus Deutscher Vergangenheit
LC Subject(s): Pharmacy — Germany; Pharmacy — Pictorial works; Pharmacy paraphernalia

Stafski's short history of pharmacy has as many detailed illustrations as pages of text (in German). The transition from monastic to secular medical care is traced, then the shops described (e.g., locations, types of containers used), as well as training, the influence of alchemy and chemistry, literary references (e.g., by Goethe), and the materia medica.

A Checklist Ordered by Author
A Checklist Ordered by Call Number
Calvert E. Norland Manuscript, Print, and Artifact Collection (Finding Aid)